A rapid and convenient method for synthesis of anilinoquinazoline: an improved synthesis of erlotinib derivatives

4-Anilinoquinazolines have been widely studied as anticancer agents. Despite the widespread utility of this class of compounds, the reported syntheses of 4-anilinoquinazolines require multistep and low-yielding pathways. A novel strategy to prepare 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives based on the cyclization of anthranilic acid is described. By using of dichloro anthranilic acid we could etherified the quinazoline ring in order to mimic the erlotinib structure as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Our new compounds contain different substitutions at the meta-positions of the quinazoline ring instead of the ortho-positions of erlotinib. We synthesized ten new 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives (17-26) in only 4 steps with desirable yields. Key words: Synthesis, Erlotinib, Anilinoquinazolines, EGFR.</p

A rapid and convenient method for synthesis of anilinoquinazoline: an improved synthesis of erlotinib derivatives

4-Anilinoquinazolines have been widely studied as anticancer agents. Despite the widespread use of this class of compounds, the reported syntheses of 4-anilinoquinazolines require multistep and lowyielding reaction pathways. In this study, a novel strategy to prepare 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives based on the cyclization of anthranilic acid is described. By using dichloroanthranilic acid, the quinazoline ring was etherified in order to mimic the erlotinib structure as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The new compounds contain different substitutions at the meta-positions of the quinazoline ring instead of the ortho-positions of erlotinib. Ten new 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives were sysnthesized (21-30) in only 4 steps with desirable yields

Ameliorating Effect of Ginseng on Epididymo-Orchitis Inducing Alterations in Sperm Quality and Spermatogenic Cells Apoptosis following Infection by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Rats

Objective: Epididymo-orchitis (EO) potentially results in reduced fertility in up to 60% of affected patients. The anti-inflammatory effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) and its ability to act as an immunoenhancer in parallel with the beneficial effects of this ancient herbal medicine on the reproductive systems of animals and humans led us to evaluate its protective effects against acute EO. Materials and Methods: This animal experimental study was conducted in the Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran during 2013-2015. We divided 50 Wistar rats into five following groups (n=10 per group): i. Control-intact animals, ii. Vehicle-phosphate buffered saline (PBS) injection into the vas deferens, iii. KRG-an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of KRG, iv. EO-an injection of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strain M39 into the vas deferens, and v. EO/ KRG-injections of both UPEC strain M39 and KRG. The treatment lasted seven days. We then evaluated sperm parameters, number of germ cell layers, Johnson’s criteria, germ cell apoptosis, body weight and relative sex organs weight. Results: Acute EO increased the relative weight of prostate and seminal vesicles (P≤0.05). It also reduced sperm quality such as total motility, sperm concentration (P≤0.01), and the percentage of normal sperm (P≤0.001). Moreover, acute EO decreased Miller’s (P≤0.05) and Johnsen’s scores and increased apoptotic indexes of spermatogenic cells (P≤0.001). KRG treatment decreased prostate weight gain (P≤0.05) and improved the percentage of sperm with normal morphology, total motility (P≤0.01), and progressive motility (P≤0.05). The apoptotic indexes of spermatogenic cells reduced (P≤0.001), whereas both Johnsen’s (P≤0.01) and Miller’s criteria increased in the KRG-treated EO testis (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Consequently, KRG ameliorated the devastating effects of EO on the sperm retrieved from either epididymis or testicle in rats