Evaluation of lipid profile and apolipoproteins in cord blood from Tribal and nontribal population of Udaipur region, India

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in India. The important factor associated is dyslipidemia. A strong relationship has been seen in epidemiological studies between cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. The present study was planned to analyze cord blood lipid profile, apolipoproteins and atherogenic index in tribal and nontribal population and compare them gender wise.Methods: Our study group consisted of 250 healthy full-term newborn. The cord blood was collected immediately after a normal delivery. The blood was tested to determine lipid profile, apolipoproteins and atherogenic index. Results: The results showed that the levels of lipid profile, apolipoproteins and ratio (TC/HDL, TC/LDL, HDL/LDL, and LDL/HDL) were higher in non-tribal population than tribal ones. Gender wise comparison revealed higher levels in male non-tribal neonates as compared to female non-tribal neonates. The apolipoproteinB and Atherogenic index (ApoB/ApoA-1) were higher in females than male non-tribal neonates in cord blood. The trends were reversed in the tribal population.Conclusions: The result concluded that tribal and non-tribal population, also female and male neonates have genetic variation and difference in lipid metabolism

Evaluation of serum lactate dehydrogenase and gamma glutamyl transferase in preeclamptic pregnancy and its comparison with normal pregnancy in third trimester

Background: Preeclampsia affects about 5-8% of all pregnancies and is a major cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Evidences prove that endothelial cell and altered endothelial cell function play an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Therefore serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) are the useful biochemical markers reflecting the severity of the occurrence of preeclampsia. The objective was todetermine serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) as biochemical markers in preeclamptic pregnant women and its comparison with normal pregnant women in third trimester.Methods: This is the case-control hospital based study carried in the Department of Biochemistry M.G.M. Medical College and associated M.Y. Hospital. Indore (M.P.). Normal pregnant women (n=48), women with preeclampsia (n=53) were included in the study. Both the groups were in their third trimester and of same age and same gestational age. Preeclamptic group was further divided into two subgroups mild (n=36) and severe (n=17) preeclampsia. Results: There were no significant differences among the three groups in age and body mass index but significantly higher differences in gestational age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed. Higher values of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were found in mild and severe preeclamptic women than those of normal pregnant women in third trimester but the values of serum LDH was significantly elevated in severe preeclamptic women when comparison was done between mild and severe preeclamptic women. Serum GGT was significantly higher among all the groups.Conclusion: Elevated levels of serum LDH and serum GGT indicates the tissue damage related to endothelial vascular damage and are the main cause of the occurrence of preeclampsia.

Association of antithrombin-III and platelet count with pregnancy induced hypertension

Preeclampsia is referred to as the “disease of the theories” because of the multiple hypotheses proposed to explain its occurrence. Despite considerable research, the causes of preeclampsia remain unclear. It is multifactorial in nature and recent research has focused on the measurements of various prothrombotic markers for detection of latent clotting pathway activation. This study was undertaken to determine the changes in the levels of plasma Antithrombin -III (AT-III) and platelet count in preeclamptic women and its comparison with healthy non-pregnant women and normal pregnant womenand its correlation with severity of disease in order to evaluate if it can be used as a marker for severity of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). This is the case-control hospital based study carried in the Department of Biochemistry M.G.M. Medical College and associated M.Y. Hospital. Indore (M.P.). 40 women with preeclampsia in the third trimester of pregnancy constituted the study group. The study group was further divided into two subgroups as mild and severe preeclampsia. Age and gestational age matched 23 healthy non –pregnant and 28 normal pregnant women were taken as a control group. There were no significant differences among the three groups in age and body mass index (BMI) but significantly higher differences in gestational age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed. When compared with control groups (healthy non-pregnant and normal pregnant women), the levels of AT-III in preeclamptic group was significantly lower. Although there was no significant difference in the levels of AT-III between healthy non-pregnant and normal pregnant women. The platelet count between healthy non-pregnant and normal pregnant women showed statistically significant difference whereas statistically higher significant difference was observed when comparison was done between healthy non-pregnant women and preeclamptic women and normal pregnant women and preeclamptic women. It was concluded from the study that the reduction of platelet count and AT-III are the main predictors to predict and monitor the severity of the condition

Introducing and assessment of FAIR principles of education in teaching biochemistry to I year MBBS students

Background: Recent curriculum is theory based where students just mug up and reproduce in exam with less understanding. It is Exam and marks oriented education. Students show less interest in classes. Presently FAIR (Feedback, Active learning, Individual learning and Relevance) principles of application are practically missing, according to this model students will be naturally motivated to learn. Students will take more responsibility for their own learning. By applying these principles we will improve the effectiveness and efficiency of learning and enhancing learning among students. The objective was to design an effective educational strategy using certain principles of education such as FAIR.Methods: The first batch of the Integrated Curriculum students of the I MBBS program formed the study population. Certain principles of education such as Feedback, Active learning, Individualization of learning and relevance that have been advocated for use to enhance learning, were applied in educational strategies for the implementation of the Integrated Curriculum.Results: By Implementing the FAIR model of integrated curriculum the scores obtained during evaluation and the positive student response validated the enhancement of learning objectively and subjectively.Conclusions: Our collective experience convinced us that designing a curriculum with FAIR model was well worth. 95% students felt it is advantageous with negative perception 35% of students, they felt lengthy and time consuming

A NUTRITIONAL STUDY OF TRIBAL AND NON-TRIBAL CHILDREN IN THE UDAIPUR REGION

Objective: There is an evidence that nutrition has a significant impact on children’s development, adult health, and senescence. It is also known to have an impact on one’s physical and mental faculties. Malnutrition is now understood to be the root cause of a significant variety of health issues. To compare the nutritional condition of 300 (tribal and nontribal) children living in the Udaipur region, a dietary survey was conducted. Methods: In the present study, 300 tribal and non-tribal children between the ages of 1 and 12 were chosen for a dietary survey to evaluate their nutritional status. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire. Results and Conclusion: The statistics between tribal and non-tribal children showed that calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake was lower in the tribal children. When we compared the data between tribal and non-tribal children, we found that the non-tribal children’s calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake was not superior. Ascorbic acid and B-carotene intake among non-tribals is also less than that advised by the ICMR and is approximately twice as low as that among their tribal counterparts. The statistics on tribal and non-tribal children made it abundantly evident that nutritional intake is low that consumption of fat among dense nutrients is significantly lower and that intake of antioxidant nutrients such as ascorbic acid and beta-carotene is similarly poor

BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF CERTAIN ENZYMES IN DENGUE FEVER PATIENTS

Objective: The main objective of the present study is to correlate the effect of certain enzymes in diagnosis of dengue fever (DF) and impact of these elevated/decreased blood levels of enzymes on patients of DF. Methods: The study was carried out on 30 patients suspected to be suffering from DF. Blood sample was collected and tested for various parameters such as protein (albumin), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). Results: Serum enzymes such as LDH and CK were found to be elevated to be a good marker of muscle damage and progression of diseases. CRP as a marker of inflammation was also found to be elevated. Enzymes like acid phosphatase increased abruptly while alkaline phosphatase was irregular. Liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT activity were also enhanced. Conclusion: Increased level of transaminases can be reflective of the formation of various amino acids for the synthesis of new protein and for channeling of glutamate and aspartate along with glycine for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. Objective: The main objective of the present study is to correlate the effect of certain enzymes in diagnosis of dengue fever (DF) and impact of these elevated/decreased blood levels of enzymes on patients of DF. Methods: The study was carried out on 30 patients suspected to be suffering from DF. Blood sample was collected and tested for various parameters such as protein (albumin), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). Results: Serum enzymes such as LDH and CK were found to be elevated to be a good marker of muscle damage and progression of diseases. CRP as a marker of inflammation was also found to be elevated. Enzymes like acid phosphatase increased abruptly while alkaline phosphatase was irregular. Liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT activity were also enhanced. Conclusion: Increased level of transaminases can be reflective of the formation of various amino acids for the synthesis of new protein and for channeling of glutamate and aspartate along with glycine for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides

CLINICAL STUDIES TO EVALUATE PEROXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT COMPLEMENT IN LIVER CANCER IN INDIAN AND HUNGARIAN SUBJECTS

Objective: Liver cancer is the leading cause of death due to malignancies all over the world. Free radical-induced oxidative stress extent can be provoked by antioxidant mechanisms decreased efficiency. The present study was carried out to investigate the extent of oxidative stress and the levels of antioxidants in the circulation of patients with liver cancer. Methods: Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and level of some antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and GSH be determined in the circulations of 100 Indian and Hungarian patients with liver cancer and an equal number of age-matched normal subjects. Results: Significantly increased concentrations of TBARS plasma levels and significantly lowered levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, and GSH-Px were observed in patients with liver cancer which may have occurred due to increased use to scavenge lipids peroxides as well as their sequestration by tumor cells. Increased lipid peroxidation in liver was seen which may be due to excessive oxidative stress. Comparison between Indians and Hungarians subjects revealed 200% increased malondialdehyde levels in Hungarian male patients as compared to Indian male patients. SOD was found to decrease in Indian subjects whereas CAT (20%) higher, GSH (25–35%) less decrease GSH-Px (5%) more decrease in Hungarians patients compared to Indian patients

Dr Preeti Malhotra: Assistant professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pacific Institute of Medical sciences, Udaipur.

Objective- Knowing the ideal levels of T3, T4, FT3, FT4 and TSH for each pregnancy trimester is the goal. Methodology-The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences in Udaipur treated 150 patients (obstetric cases) for the current longitudinal research. The following parameters were examined for in a fasting blood sample: T3 (Triiodothyronine) (Triiodothyronine). T4 (Thyroxine), FT3, FT4 and TSH, (Thyrotropin Stimulating Hormone). Results- As a result, thyroid profile readings in every group (I, II and III trimester) were increased and were maximum in second group or second trimester followed by third. The levels above the normal range were in 39 (12+12+15) women of all the groups. In conclusion, the second trimester of pregnancy saw the greatest increase in thyroid hormones readings. Thyroid profile was lower during the first trimester, particularly at par during the second, and decreased in third trimester.&nbsp

STUDY OF SERUM FERRITIN AND D-DIMER LEVELS AS PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS.

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019, a primarily respiratory illness is considered as the cause of thrombotic disorders. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are one of the responsible causes of cytokine storm syndrome in patients with COVID-19. Coagulopathy and inflammation are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Hyperinflammation is seen patients which are critically ill with COVID-19 patients. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the association between several biomarkers such as D-dimer, and serum ferritin and COVID-19 severity. METHODS:The covid patients were divided into mild, moderate and severe groups and the diagnosis of COVID19 is based on purely clinical symptoms and real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Analysis of Serum ferritin was done on fully automated immunology analyzer-SIEMENS based on the principle of chemiluminescence. D-dimer was estimated on m-Lab which is cartridge based. RESULTS: Seeing the baseline characteristics of covid-19 patients, the most prominently seen morbidity was diabetes (40.44%) followed by hypertension (30.33%) and renal dysfunction (6.17%). It was observed that in the severe group the serum ferritin and D-dimer was statistically highly significant (p<0.0001) with mean and SD value of serum ferritin (1779.55 ± 135.74) and D-dimer (16011.45 ± 6247.45) as compared to mild (serum ferritin: 491.31 ± 79.34 and D-dimer: 1720.74 ±1046.47) and moderate groups (serum ferritin: 948.59 ± 279.19 and D-dimer: 6670.98 ±1962.47). CONCLUSION: The elevated serum ferritin and D-dimer were associated with a poor outcome and poor prognosis and could predict the worsening of COVID-19 patients.               &nbsp