Vida cotidiana de comunidades rurales en Patagonia Sur. Organizadores comunitarios, representaciones e imaginarios en el suceder dramático

The article exposes part of the progress and results of the final stage of a study on daily life in southern Patagonian rural areas in the province of Santa Cruz - Lago Argentino Department, carried out in the period 2021-2023 within the framework of the Program Institutional Analysis and Alternative Pedagogies. The central purpose of the research was to understand the features that characterize the daily life of the residents of the area under study in a context of change with critical impact. Readers will encounter novel ways of doing research both in the design and implementation of methodological strategies (traditional and unconventional) as well as in the particular conceptual articulation used in the construction of “conjectural chains” and proposal of interpretive lines. The implicative approach, the clinical perspective in qualitative research in our case they match the aspiration for objectivity with the challenge of creativity.El artículo expone parte de los avances y resultados de la etapa final de un estudio sobre la vida cotidiana en la ruralidad sur patagónica en la provincia de Santa Cruz- Departamento Lago Argentino, realizado en el período 2021-2023 en el marco del Programa Análisis Institucional  Pedagogías Alternativas. El propósito central de la investigación fue comprender los rasgos que caracterizan la vida cotidiana de los pobladores de la zona en estudio en un contexto de cambio con incidencia crítica. Los lectores se encontrarán con formas novedosas de hacer investigación tanto, en el diseño e implementación de estrategias metodológicas (tradicionales y no convencionales) como así  también, en la particular articulación conceptual utilizada en la construcción de “encadenamientos conjeturales” y propuesta de líneas interpretativas. El  enfoque implicante, la perspectiva clínica en investigación cualitativa en nuestro caso hacen coincidir  la aspiración a la objetividad con el desafío de la creatividad

Sangrado digestivo alto: Una emergencia médica

Upper digestive bleeding occurs at the level of the esophagus, stomach and / or duodenum, which is mainly due to non-variceal causes (80-90%), being the most common cause peptic ulcers, although it can also be caused by the rupture of esophageal varices secondary to portal hypertension. Among the risk factors for the development of this pathology are Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as the use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications. It manifests as hematemesis and melena; and represents a medical emergency, so its initial approach will require evaluationand stabilization of the hemodynamic status and generally endoscopy to identify the cause. Once the cause is found, definitive treatment will be given based on it.El sangrado digestivo alto es aquel que se presenta a nivel de esófago, estómago y/o duodeno, se debe principalmente (80-90%) a causas no variceales siendo la más frecuente las úlcera péptica, sin embargo también puede ocurrir por la ruptura de várices esofágicas secundarias a hipertensión portal. Entre los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de esta patología se encuentra la infección por Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori), el uso de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINES), así como el uso de medicamentos antiplaquetarios y anticoagulantes. Se manifiesta como hematemesis y melena principalmente. Representa una emergencia médica, razón por la cual el abordaje inicial consiste en valorar y estabilizar el estado hemodinámico y realizar endoscopia para identificar el origen del sangrado digestivo. El tratamiento definitivo va dirigido a corregir la causa subyacente.&nbsp

Declaration on research integrity in responsible research and innovation

Títol paral·lel en castellà, portuguès i anglès / Text en català, portuguès, castellà i anglès[cat] Actualment ens trobem davant d’una nova concepció del sistema de recerca i innovació, de manera que, en la creació i l’aplicació del coneixement, cal incloure-hi la governança, l’educació en ciència, l’ètica, l’accés obert, el gènere i la implicació de la ciutadania en aquests processos des del principi. La reflexió bioètica ha avançat i s’ha projectat transversalment en els programes d’aprenentatge en ètica dels diversos agents del sistema de recerca, innovació i desenvolupament; no obstant això, la ultracompetitivitat i les interseccions entre recerca, innovació, desenvolupament i mercat, no faciliten les bones pràctiques científiques. L’aposta per considerar l’ètica de bon principi es contraposa a la persistència de casos de frau científic i de problemes d’autoria, entre altres, en contextos en els quals perdura, a més, el sostre de cristall i la inclusió de qüestions de gènere és habitualment una mera formalitat sense cap impacte real. La nostra anàlisi se situa en un moment de transició entre velles i noves concepcions de l’ètica, la integritat científica i la responsabilitat investigadora, transformació que ens obliga a identificar escenaris, valors i regles, i a sensibilitzar la societat sobre aquesta transformació, les seves implicacions i les conseqüències que comporta.[por] Assistimos a uma nova concepção dos processos de criação e aplicação do conhecimento na qual o sistema de investigação e inovação se apresenta como um processo dinâmico: governança, educação em ciência, ética, livre acesso, género e envolvimento do público nos processos de criação de conhecimento e inovação são linhas-mestras definidas pela Comissão Europeia. Neste contexto, a reflexão bioética tem avançado, tem-se estruturado e tem sido reconhecida como uma disciplina transversal que deveria ser ensinada aos diversos agentes do sistema de investigação, inovação e desenvolvimento; não obstante, no contexto ultracompetitivo da investigação, nem sempre se consegue implantar as boas práticas e ainda subsistem, por exemplo, o plágio, a fraude científica, etc. O presente contributo surge num momento de transição entre velhas e novas concepções de investigação que requer não só a identificação do novo cenário e das novas regras, mas também a sensibilização da sociedade sobre estas questões, propiciando o diálogo democrático entre a sociedade, a universidade e a ciência. Este pretende ser uma ferramenta útil que proporcione regras aos investigadores, profissionais e agentes do sistema de investigação e inovação nos nossos contextos, contemplando as particularidades do domínio latino e as distintas perspectivas culturais. Deste modo, tem como objectivo influenciar os decisores políticos do sistema de ciência e tecnologia dos dois países, convertendo-se num guia para possíveis mudanças normativas e novas propostas de regulação, e os meios de comunicação social, pelo impacto destes na opinião pública.[spa] Asistimos a una nueva concepción del sistema de investigación e innovación en la que la creación y aplicación del conocimiento debe incluir: la gobernanza, la educación en ciencia, la ética, el acceso abierto, el género y que el público se involucre en estos procesos desde el principio. La reflexión bioética ha avanzado y se ha proyectado transversalmente en los programas de aprendizaje ético de los diversos agentes del sistema de investigación, innovación y desarrollo; no obstante, la ultracompetitividad y las intersecciones entre investigación, innovación, desarrollo y mercado, no facilitan la plena consecución de las buenas prácticas científicas. La apuesta por la ética desde el principio se contrapone a la persistencia de casos de fraude científico y de problemas de autoría, entre otros, en contextos en los que además perdura el techo de cristal y la inclusión de cuestiones de género es una mera formalidad sin impacto real. Nuestro análisis se sitúa en un momento de transición entre viejas y nuevas concepciones de la ética, la integridad científica y la responsabilidad investigadora, transformación que nos obliga a identificar escenarios, valores y reglas, y nos apremia a sensibilizar a la sociedad sobre esta transformación, sus implicaciones y consecuencias.[eng] We are witnessing a new conception of the system of research and innovation in which the creation and application of knowledge must include: governance, education in science, ethics, open access, consideration of gender, and public involvement in these processes from their beginning. Reflection on bioethical issues has advanced and has been projected cross-disciplinarily in programs teaching ethics to the diverse actors in systems of research, innovation and development; however, ultra-competitiveness and the intersections between research, innovation, development and the market do not encourage the full achievement of good scientific practices. The commitment to ethics from the very initiation of these scientific processes contrasts with the persistence of cases of scientific fraud and problems of authorship, among others, in contexts in which a glass ceiling continues to exist, and the inclusion of gender issues is a mere formality without real impact. Our analysis occurs in a period of transition between old and new conceptions of ethics and scientific integrity and responsible research. This is a transformation which forces us to identify scenarios, values and rules, and compels us to raise awareness in society about this transformation, its implications and consequences.Fundació Bancària ”La Caixa” – Obra Social ”La Caixa”

The diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large plant clades: Apocynaceae as a case study

Background and Aims Large clades of angiosperms are often characterized by diverse interactions with pollinators, but how these pollination systems are structured phylogenetically and biogeographically is still uncertain for most families. Apocynaceae is a clade of >5300 species with a worldwide distribution. A database representing >10 % of species in the family was used to explore the diversity of pollinators and evolutionary shifts in pollination systems across major clades and regions. Methods The database was compiled from published and unpublished reports. Plants were categorized into broad pollination systems and then subdivided to include bimodal systems. These were mapped against the five major divisions of the family, and against the smaller clades. Finally, pollination systems were mapped onto a phylogenetic reconstruction that included those species for which sequence data are available, and transition rates between pollination systems were calculated. Key Results Most Apocynaceae are insect pollinated with few records of bird pollination. Almost three-quarters of species are pollinated by a single higher taxon (e.g. flies or moths); 7 % have bimodal pollination systems, whilst the remaining approx. 20 % are insect generalists. The less phenotypically specialized flowers of the Rauvolfioids are pollinated by a more restricted set of pollinators than are more complex flowers within the Apocynoids + Periplocoideae + Secamonoideae + Asclepiadoideae (APSA) clade. Certain combinations of bimodal pollination systems are more common than others. Some pollination systems are missing from particular regions, whilst others are over-represented. Conclusions Within Apocynaceae, interactions with pollinators are highly structured both phylogenetically and biogeographically. Variation in transition rates between pollination systems suggest constraints on their evolution, whereas regional differences point to environmental effects such as filtering of certain pollinators from habitats. This is the most extensive analysis of its type so far attempted and gives important insights into the diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large clades

Study on multi-ELVES in the Pierre Auger Observatory

Since 2013, the four sites of the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory record ELVES with a dedicated trigger. These UV light emissions are correlated to distant lightning strikes. The length of recorded traces has been increased from 100 μs (2013), to 300 μs (2014-16), to 900 μs (2017-present), to progressively extend the observation of the light emission towards the vertical of the causative lightning and beyond. A large fraction of the observed events shows double ELVES within the time window, and, in some cases, even more complex structures are observed. The nature of the multi-ELVES is not completely understood but may be related to the different types of lightning in which they are originated. For example, it is known that Narrow Bipolar Events can produce double ELVES, and Energetic In-cloud Pulses, occurring between the main negative and upper positive charge layer of clouds, can induce double and even quadruple ELVES in the ionosphere. This report shows the seasonal and daily dependence of the time gap, amplitude ratio, and correlation between the pulse widths of the peaks in a sample of 1000+ multi-ELVES events recorded during the period 2014-20. The events have been compared with data from other satellite and ground-based sensing devices to study the correlation of their properties with lightning observables such as altitude and polarity