15 research outputs found
Identification of a major QTL for time of initial vegetative budbreak in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)
In the Western Cape region of South Africa dormancy release and the onset of growth does
not occur normally in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) trees during spring due to the
mild winter conditions experienced and fluctuations in temperatures experienced during
and between winters. In this region the application of chemicals to induce the release of
dormancy forms part of standard orchard management. Increasing awareness of the
environmental impact of chemical sprays and global warming has led to the demand for
new apple cultivars better adapted to local climatic conditions. We report the construction
of framework genetic maps in two F1 crosses using the low chilling cultivar ‘Anna’ as
common male parent and the higher chill requiring cultivars ‘Golden Delicious’ and
‘Sharpe’s Early’ as female parents. The maps were constructed using 320 simple sequence
repeats (SSR), including 116 new markers developed from expressed sequence tags
(ESTs). These maps were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for time of initial
vegetative budbreak (IVB), a dormancy related characteristic. Time of IVB was assessed 4 times over a 6-year period in ‘Golden Delicious’ x ‘Anna’ seedlings kept in seedling bags
under shade in the nursery. The trait was assessed for 3 years on adult full-sib trees derived
from a cross between ‘Sharpe’s Early’ and ‘Anna’ as well as for 3 years on replicates of
these seedlings obtained by clonal propagation onto rootstocks. A single major QTL for
time of IVB was identified on linkage group (LG) 9. This QTL remained consistent in
different genetic backgrounds and at different developmental stages. The QTL may
co-localize with a QTL for leaf break identified on LG 3 by Conner et al. (1998), a LG that
was, after the implementation of transferable microsatellite markers, shown to be
homologous to the LG now known to be LG 9 (Kenis and Keulemans, 2004). These results
contribute towards a better understanding regarding the genetic control of IVB in aplle and
will also be used to elucidate the genetic basis of other dormancy related traits such as time
of initial reproductive budbreak and number of vegetative and reproductive budbreak
The use of the Model of Occupational Self Efficacy in improving the cognitive functioning of individuals with brain injury: A pre- and post-intervention study
BACKGROUND: Individuals diagnosed with a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) often experience major limitations in returning to work despite participating in rehabilitation programmes.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine whether individuals who sustained a traumatic brain injury experienced improved cognitive functioning after participating in an intervention programme that utilizes the Model of Occupational Self-Efficacy (MOOSE).
PARTICIPANTS: Ten (10) individuals who were diagnosed with a mild to moderate brain injury participated in the study.
METHOD: The research study was positioned within the quantitative paradigm specifically utilizing a pre and post intervention research design. In order to gather data from the participants, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) was used to determine whether the individual with brain injury’s cognitive functioning improved after participating in a vocational rehabilitation model called the Model of Occupational Self Efficacy (MOOSE).
RESULTS: All the participants in this study presented with an improvement in MOCA test scores. The results of the study revealed a statistically significant effect of the intervention (i.e. MOOSE) on cognitive functioning measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, F(4, 6) = 15.95, p = 0.002.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that MOOSE is a useful model to facilitate the return of individuals living with a TBI back to work. It is also suggested that cognitive rehabilitative activities be included as part of the vocational rehabilitation programme
The 2019 motile active matter roadmap
Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental in living and engineering
systems. This has stimulated the new field of active matter in recent years,
which focuses on the physical aspects of propulsion mechanisms, and on
motility-induced emergent collective behavior of a larger number of identical
agents. The scale of agents ranges from nanomotors and microswimmers, to cells,
fish, birds, and people. Inspired by biological microswimmers, various designs
of autonomous synthetic nano- and micromachines have been proposed. Such
machines provide the basis for multifunctional, highly responsive, intelligent
(artificial) active materials, which exhibit emergent behavior and the ability
to perform tasks in response to external stimuli. A major challenge for
understanding and designing active matter is their inherent nonequilibrium
nature due to persistent energy consumption, which invalidates equilibrium
concepts such as free energy, detailed balance, and time-reversal symmetry.
Unraveling, predicting, and controlling the behavior of active matter is a
truly interdisciplinary endeavor at the interface of biology, chemistry,
ecology, engineering, mathematics, and physics. The vast complexity of
phenomena and mechanisms involved in the self-organization and dynamics of
motile active matter comprises a major challenge. Hence, to advance, and
eventually reach a comprehensive understanding, this important research area
requires a concerted, synergetic approach of the various disciplines