キョウヨウ キョウイク サイコウ ニ ムケテノ イチコウサツ : アメリカテキ ケイフ ト ニホン デノ セサクテキ ハイケイ

大学の教育課程のなかで、教養教育を今後新たに構築するために、今何が必要かを考える。はじ めに、１９４５年以降影響を受けてきた、アメリカでの教養教育の歴史を概観する。アメリカでの教養 教育の背景の特殊性を考える。続いて１９９１年のいわゆる大学設置基準大綱化以後の、中教審、大学 審議会答申に見られる政策的動向を調べる。これらについての考察を受けて、大学での教養教育をめぐ る問題、混乱を整理し、今大学は何をなすべきかを考察する。結論として、各大学、学部、学科ごとの、 「アドミッション・ポリシー」「カリキュラム・ポリシー」「ディプロマ・ポリシー」を明確にし、この ポリシーを組織の構成員が共有し、これを実行して行く。そのための体制づくりが今必要であることを 示す。We discuss in this paper what is necessary to restructure the liberal education at university. First we study the history of liberal education (general education) in America which affected the liberal education in Japan since 1945. Then we consider political trends after 1991 in the reports of the Central Council for Education. On this data we make clear the problems and confusion involved in the liberal education in Japan. We conclude that in the more flexible educational systems and in the more secured universities’ autonomy we should make the admission-, curriculum- and diploma policy of each department even clearer, and then the member of department should share the policies in common. A system to discuss the policies and realize it needs to be established

Obstructive azoospermia as an unusual complication associated with herniorrhaphy of an omphalocele: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Iatrogenic damage to the seminal tract is one of the causes of obstructive azoospermia, which can be an indication for reconstruction surgery. We present a case of obstructive azoospermia as an unusual complication after neonatal herniorrhaphy of an omphalocele.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 30-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with obstructive azoospermia. He had undergone herniorrhaphy of an omphalocele immediately after birth. Reconstruction surgery of both seminal tracts was performed to pursue the possibility of naturally achieved pregnancy. Intra-operative findings demonstrated that both vasa deferentia were interrupted at the internal inguinal rings, although the abdominal end of the right vas leading to the seminal vesicle was found in the abdominal cavity. The discharge from the stump of the testicular end had no sperm, although the right epididymal tubules were dilated with motile sperm. Therefore, we performed right-sided vasovasostomy in the internal inguinal ring and ipsilateral epididymovasostomy simultaneously.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing obstructive azoospermia as an unusual complication of herniorrhaphy of an omphalocele. It is important to pay attention to the existence of seminal tracts in such surgery as well as in inguinal herniorrhaphy.</p

抗原および Ca ionophore A23187 刺激時におけるアトピー型気管支喘息末梢血好塩基球の運動能

We examined histamine release and morphological changes in basophilic granulocytes from atopic subjects, in response to stimulation with antigen and Ca ionophore A23187. 1. Histamine release and a reduction in the rumber of basophils were more rapid and greater in extent at an early stage of antigen stimulation compared with Ca ionophore A23187 stimulation. 2. Morphological changes in basophils, represented by increased motility, in terms of an increased ratio of short to long axis diameter (L/S ratio), as well as the increased frequency of basophils with localized granules and those with pseudopods, were more often observed antigen stimulation than with Ca ionophore A23187 stimulation. In contrast, morphogical changes in which basophils appeared swollen, showing an increased mean cell diameter and an increased frequency of cells with 5 vacuoles or more were more predominant with Ca ionophore A23187 than with antigen stimulation. The results obtained here show that bridging of IgE receptors is essential to activate basophils and induce increased motility in these cells.アトピー型気管支喘息末梢血好塩基球を用い,抗原および Ca ionophore A23187 刺激時のヒスタミン遊離およびその形態的変化について比較検討した｡1.抗原刺激時には, Ca ionophore A23187 刺激時に比べ,好塩基球からのヒスタミン遊離および好塩基球数の減少の程度は,より急激でかつ高度であった｡2.好塩基球の形態的変化,すなわち,長経/短経比の増大,限局性顆粒あるいは偽足を有する好塩基球の出現頻度の増加などの運動能の亢進を示唆する好塩基球の形態的変化は, Ca ionophore A23187 に比べ抗原刺激時により高度であった｡一方,平均直径の増大,5個以上の空砲を有する好塩基球の出現頻度の増加などの,むしろ膨化傾向を示唆する好塩基球の形態的変化は,抗原刺激時に比べ, Co ionophore A23187 刺激時により高度であった｡これらの結果より,抗原刺激によるIgE受容体のbridgingが,好塩基球を活性化し,運動能の亢進をひき起こすものと判断された

FD ファシリテーター ヨウセイ ケンシュウ ノ コウカ ニ カンスル イチコウサツ : トクシマ ダイガク ニオケル FD ファシリテーター ノ ヤクワリ ト イギ

徳島大学では2002年度より教育革新FDプログラムが立ち上った。現在までに多様な全学FDプログラムが開発・実施されてきている。その中でも部局FDの組織化を目指した研修プログラム として部局FDを実質的に担当する教員を養成するためのFDファシリテーター養成研修を実施している。2008年度からは部局FD組織が実質的に機能し始め、全学的なFD実施組織と部局FDの連携が活発に実施されるようになりつつある。部局FDを推進する担い手となるFDファシリテーターの役割や存在意義は部局FD組織にとって、ますます重要なものになりつつあると考えられる。 FDファシリテーターはFD組織の発達にも関わるコアメンバーであり、実質的なFDの実践を続けていくためには、FDの専門性に加え、組織に関わる正統的成員(1)としての高い当事者意識が必要である。本研究の目的は、徳島大学におけるFDファシリテーターの役割とその意義に注目し、FDファシリテーター養成研修でのアンケート調査をもとに、効果検証を試みるものである。特に、2009年度の研修については、FDファシリテーターにとって重要な知識やスキルの獲得と、FDファシリテーターとしての当事者意識に関わる意欲や自信の変化に注目したところ、スキルアップと当事者意識の変容に関する効果が見られた。Since 2002，educational innovation has started through FD programs at the University of Tokushima. Until now various university-wide FD programs have been developed and conducted. The FD facilitator training program has been carried out to develop teachers who are responsible for FD in their respective departments. The Aim is to build up FD organizations in each department. Depaetment FD organizations have been incorporaled substantlally since 2008. We see elaborated collaboration between the university-wide FD organization and the departmenta FD organizations. The roles of the FD facilitator of each department as the core member to promote their departmental FD are becoming more important. To keep practicing substantial FD，they need to be conscious of their identity as the FD facilitator. They need to be actively involved in facilitating FD programs for their departments while maintaining a sense of ownership as an authentic member of the department.The aim of this paper is to discuss the importance of the FD facilitator program based on the results of the questionnaire survey conducted at the beginning and the end of FD facilitator training. To evaluate this program，we pay close attention to whether the participants are able to acquire FD skills and knowledge which are considered necessary. Futhermore focus on whether they demonstrated any attitudinal change in their motivation and confidence as FD facilitators

Asthma classification by a score calculated from clinical findings and examinations in subjects sensitive to inhalant allergens.

Twenty-one patients with atopic asthma were classified into three types according to their symptoms (clinical diagnosis): Ia, simple bronchoconstriction; Ib, bronchoconstriction + hypersecretion; and II, bronchiolar obstruction, and this classification was compared with a classification made according to clinical findings and examinations (score diagnosis). Type Ib asthma was characterized by the increased incidence of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while type II was characterized by ventilatory dysfunction in small airways and the increased incidence of neutrophils in BALF. Four patients, whose expectoration was between 50 and 99ml/day, of the 12 with type Ia assessed by clinical diagnosis were evaluated as type Ib by score diagnosis. One patient with type II by clinical diagnosis was assessed as questionable type II by score diagnosis. In the other 16 patients, the clinical and score diagnoses were the same