Band structure of Bi surfaces formed on Bi2Se3 upon exposure to air

Bi$_2$Se$_3$ has been the focus of intense interest over the past decade due to its topological properties. Bi surfaces are known to form on Bi$_2$Se$_3$ upon exposure to atmosphere, but their electronic structure has not been investigated. We report band structure measurements of such Bi surfaces using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Measured spectra can be well explained by the band structure of a single bilayer of Bi on Bi$_2$Se$_3$, and show that Bi surfaces consistently dominate the photoemission signal for air exposure times of at least 1 hour. These results demonstrate that atmospheric effects should be taken into consideration when identifying two-dimensional transport channels, and when designing surface-sensitive measurements of Bi$_2$Se$_3$, ideally limiting air exposure to no more than a few minutes