Image Subtraction Reduction of Open Clusters M35 & NGC 2158 In The K2 Campaign-0 Super-Stamp

Observations were made of the open clusters M35 and NGC 2158 during the initial K2 campaign (C0). Reducing these data to high-precision photometric time-series is challenging due to the wide point spread function (PSF) and the blending of stellar light in such dense regions. We developed an image-subtraction-based K2 reduction pipeline that is applicable to both crowded and sparse stellar fields. We applied our pipeline to the data-rich C0 K2 super-stamp, containing the two open clusters, as well as to the neighboring postage stamps. In this paper, we present our image subtraction reduction pipeline and demonstrate that this technique achieves ultra-high photometric precision for sources in the C0 super-stamp. We extract the raw light curves of 3960 stars taken from the UCAC4 and EPIC catalogs and de-trend them for systematic effects. We compare our photometric results with the prior reductions published in the literature. For detrended, TFA-corrected sources in the 12--12.25 $\rm K_{p}$ magnitude range, we achieve a best 6.5 hour window running rms of 35 ppm falling to 100 ppm for fainter stars in the 14--14.25 $\rm K_{p}$ magnitude range. For stars with $\rm K_{p}> 14$, our detrended and 6.5 hour binned light curves achieve the highest photometric precision. Moreover, all our TFA-corrected sources have higher precision on all time scales investigated. This work represents the first published image subtraction analysis of a K2 super-stamp. This method will be particularly useful for analyzing the Galactic bulge observations carried out during K2 campaign 9. The raw light curves and the final results of our detrending processes are publicly available at \url{http://k2.hatsurveys.org/archive/}.Comment: Accepted for publication in PASP. 14 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Light curves available from http://k2.hatsurveys.org/archive

Constraints on the frequency and mass content of r-process events derived from turbulent mixing in galactic disks

Metal-poor stars in the Milky Way (MW) halo display large star-to-star dispersion in their r-process abundance relative to lighter elements. This suggests a chemically diverse and unmixed interstellar medium (ISM) in the early Universe. This study aims to help shed light on the impact of turbulent mixing, driven by core collapse supernovae (cc-SNe), on the r-process abundance dispersal in galactic disks. To this end, we conduct a series of simulations of small-scale galaxy patches which resolve metal mixing mechanisms at parsec scales. Our set-up includes cc-SNe feedback and enrichment from r-process sources. We find that the relative rate of the r-process events to cc-SNe is directly imprinted on the shape of the r-process distribution in the ISM with more frequent events causing more centrally peaked distributions. We consider also the fraction of metals that is lost on galactic winds and find that cc-SNe are able to efficiently launch highly enriched winds, especially in smaller galaxy models. This result suggests that smaller systems, e.g. dwarf galaxies, may require higher levels of enrichment in order to achieve similar mean r-process abundances as MW-like progenitors systems. Finally, we are able to place novel constraints on the production rate of r-process elements in the MW, $6 \times 10^{-7} {M_\odot / \rm yr} \lesssim \dot{m}_{\rm rp} \ll 4.7 \times 10^{-4} {M_\odot / \rm yr}$, imposed by accurately reproducing the mean and dispersion of [Eu/Fe] in metal-poor stars. Our results are consistent with independent estimates from alternate methods and constitute a significant reduction in the permitted parameter space.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, 3 appendices. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Temperate facultative cleaner wrasses selectively remove ectoparasites from their client-fish in the Azores

Cleaner fishes are key contributors to the health of fish communities. However, much of the information in the literature refers to tropical systems, while fewer studies have examined the activity of cleaner fish inhabiting temperate ecosystems. Facultative cleaner fish are assumed to clean only during their juvenile phase, and have a broader diet than obligatory cleaner fish. Here, we focused on 2 facultative cleaner fish species, Coris julis and Thalassoma pavo, that live along the temperate coasts of the Azorean island of São Miguel. We found that these species focused their cleaning activities on relatively few species of clients, which supports the general idea that facultative cleaner fishes in temperate waters are less dependent on cleaning interactions than obligatory cleaner fishes in tropical waters. Both cleaner species were found to give more bites per host when inspecting larger clients, likely because the latter typically host more parasites. We found that C. julis consumed a greater diversity of food items, which included gnathiid larvae and fewer caligid copepods, compared to T. pavo where no ectoparasites were found. All cleaner fish that we collected after observations of cleaning had eaten gnathiid isopod larvae but not caligid copepods, even though caligid copepods were the most abundant ectoparasite found on the body of 7 selected fish species (including both client and non-client species), suggesting that both species selectively feed on gnathiid isopods. This study is the first to demonstrate that temperate facultative cleaner fish species actively and selectively inspect and remove ectoparasites from their client-fish species.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, grant PTDC/MAR/105276/2008. European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) COMPETE - Operational Competitiveness Programme. FCT - Foundation for Science and Techno - project PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pasteurização da polpa de acerola cultivada sob sistema orgânico.

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Melanoma do intestino delgado: primário ou metastático? um caso clínico

Malignant melanoma often originated from melanocytes can occur wherever these cells are present. Most common locations are the skin, retina, anus and under the nail. Although rare, primary gastrointestinal tract melanoma has been reported, mostly from the oesophagus and anorectal region. In the small bowel represents 5% of primary neoplasms. We report a case of a 70 year old man, who presented with abdominal pain, weigh loss and anaemia. Based on the findings of CT, endoscopy and entheroscopy a preoperative diagnosis of a small bowel tumour was established. Was submitted to a multiple segmental enterectomy, the histopathological examination revealed a malignant melanoma. A thorough postoperative investigation did not reveal a primary lesion in the skin, oculus or any other location. Brain and pulmonary metastasis where diagnosed afterwards and he died three months after surgery. In a patient without any obvious primary tumour, with a gastrointestinal melanoma and without extraintestinal lesions we should rule out primary gastrointestinal melanoma. Keywords: Malignant melanoma, small bowel, gastrointestinal tract. O melanoma tem geralmente a sua origem em células da linha melanocítica, podendo ocorrer em todos os locais onde estas células estão presentes. Localiza-se mais frequentemente na pele, retina, ânus, leito ungueal e plexos coroideus. Embora muito raro, foi documentado melanoma primitivo do tracto gastrointestinal, sobretudo no esófago e região ano-rectal. No intestino delgado representa cerca de 5% das neoplasias primárias. Expõe-se o caso de um homem de 70 anos, que se apresentou com dor abdominal, emagrecimento e anemia. Com base na TAC, endoscopia e enteroscopia por cápsula estabeleceu-se o diagnóstico clínico pré-operatório de neoformação do intestino delgado. Foi submetido a enterectomia segmentar múltipla, o exame anatomo-patológico da peça excisada revelou tratar-se de melanoma. Perante este diagnóstico, o doente foi exaustivamente estudado, no sentido de excluir lesões prévias, ou não, na pele ou em outras localizações que justificassem a hipótese de metastização de melanoma no tracto gastrointestinal mas nada foi encontrado. Posteriormente foram-lhe diagnosticadas duas lesões expansivas cerebrais e múltiplas lesões pulmonares, vindo a falecer três meses após a cirurgia. Num doente sem tumor primário óbvio e com melanoma gastrointestinal, sem evidência de lesões extra-intestinais, coloca-se a hipótese diagnóstica de melanoma primário do tracto gastrointestinal. Palavras-chave: Melanoma, intestino delgado, tracto gastro-intestinal.

Estimation of interdomain flexibility of N-terminus of factor H using residual dipolar couplings

Characterization of segmental flexibility is needed to understand the biological mechanisms of the very large category of functionally diverse proteins, exemplified by the regulators of complement activation, that consist of numerous compact modules or domains linked by short, potentially flexible, sequences of amino acid residues. The use of NMR-derived residual dipolar couplings (RDCs), in magnetically aligned media, to evaluate interdomain motion is established but only for two-domain proteins. We focused on the three N-terminal domains (called CCPs or SCRs) of the important complement regulator, human factor H (i.e. FH1-3). These domains cooperate to facilitate cleavage of the key complement activation-specific protein fragment, C3b, forming iC3b that no longer participates in the complement cascade. We refined a three-dimensional solution structure of recombinant FH1-3 based on nuclear Overhauser effects and RDCs. We then employed a rudimentary series of RDC datasets, collected in media containing magnetically aligned bicelles (disk-like particles formed from phospholipids) under three different conditions, to estimate interdomain motions. This circumvents a requirement of previous approaches for technically difficult collection of five independent RDC datasets. More than 80% of conformers of this predominantly extended three-domain molecule exhibit flexions of < 40 °. Such segmental flexibility (together with the local dynamics of the hypervariable loop within domain 3), could facilitate recognition of C3b via initial anchoring and eventual reorganization of modules to the conformation captured in the previously solved crystal structure of a C3b:FH1-4 complex

The TEMPO Survey I: Predicting Yields of the Transiting Exosatellites, Moons, and Planets from a 30-day Survey of Orion with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope

We present design considerations for the Transiting Exosatellites, Moons, and Planets in Orion (TEMPO) Survey with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. This proposed 30-day survey is designed to detect a population of transiting extrasolar satellites, moons, and planets in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). The young (1-3 Myr), densely-populated ONC harbors about a thousand bright brown dwarfs (BDs) and free-floating planetary-mass objects (FFPs). TEMPO offers sufficient photometric precision to monitor FFPs with ${\rm M}\geq1{\rm M}_{\rm J}$ for transiting satellites. The survey is also capable of detecting FFPs down to sub-Saturn masses via direct imaging, although follow-up confirmation will be challenging. TEMPO yield estimates include 14 (3-22) exomoons/satellites transiting FFPs and 54 (8-100) satellites transiting BDs. Of this population, approximately $50\%$ of companions would be "super-Titans" (Titan to Earth mass). Yield estimates also include approximately $150$ exoplanets transiting young Orion stars, of which $>50\%$ will orbit mid-to-late M dwarfs and approximately ten will be proto-habitable zone, terrestrial ($0.1{\rm M}_{\oplus} - 5{\rm M}_{\oplus}$) exoplanets. TEMPO would provide the first census demographics of small exosatellites orbiting FFPs and BDs, while simultaneously offering insights into exoplanet evolution at the earliest stages. This detected exosatellite population is likely to be markedly different from the current census of exoplanets with similar masses (e.g., Earth-mass exosatellites that still possess H/He envelopes). Although our yield estimates are highly uncertain, as there are no known exoplanets or exomoons analogous to these satellites, the TEMPO survey would test the prevailing theories of exosatellite formation and evolution, which limit the certainty surrounding detection yields.Comment: Submitted to PAS

Roteiro Simplificado para Busca na Base de Patentes PATENTSCOPE.

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