Group theory for structural analysis and lattice vibrations in phosphorene systems

Group theory analysis for two-dimensional elemental systems related to phosphorene is presented, including (i) graphene, silicene, germanene and stanene, (ii) dependence on the number of layers and (iii) two stacking arrangements. Departing from the most symmetric $D_{6h}^{1}$ graphene space group, the structures are found to have a group-subgroup relation, and analysis of the irreducible representations of their lattice vibrations makes it possible to distinguish between the different allotropes. The analysis can be used to study the effect of strain, to understand structural phase transitions, to characterize the number of layers, crystallographic orientation and nonlinear phenomena.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figure

Origin and spectroscopic determination of trigonal anisotropy in a heteronuclear single-molecule magnet

W-band ({\nu} ca. 94 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used for a single-crystal study of a star-shaped Fe3Cr single-molecule magnet (SMM) with crystallographically imposed trigonal symmetry. The high resolution and sensitivity accessible with W-band EPR allowed us to determine accurately the axial zero-field splitting terms for the ground (S =6) and first two excited states (S =5 and S =4). Furthermore, spectra recorded by applying the magnetic field perpendicular to the trigonal axis showed a pi/6 angular modulation. This behavior is a signature of the presence of trigonal transverse magnetic anisotropy terms whose values had not been spectroscopically determined in any SMM prior to this work. Such in-plane anisotropy could only be justified by dropping the so-called 'giant spin approach' and by considering a complete multispin approach. From a detailed analysis of experimental data with the two models, it emerged that the observed trigonal anisotropy directly reflects the structural features of the cluster, i.e., the relative orientation of single-ion anisotropy tensors and the angular modulation of single-ion anisotropy components in the hard plane of the cluster. Finally, since high-order transverse anisotropy is pivotal in determining the spin dynamics in the quantum tunneling regime, we have compared the angular dependence of the tunnel splitting predicted by the two models upon application of a transverse field (Berry-phase interference).Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure

The Mass-to-Light Ratio of Binary Galaxies

We report on the mass-to-light ratio determination based on a newly selected binary galaxy sample, which includes a large number of pairs whose separations exceed a few hundred kpc. The probability distributions of the projected separation and the velocity difference have been calculated considering the contamination of optical pairs, and the mass-to-light ratio has been determined based on the maximum likelihood method. The best estimate of $M/L$ in the B band for 57 pairs is found to be 28 $\sim$ 36 depending on the orbital parameters and the distribution of optical pairs (solar unit, $H_0=50$ km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$). The best estimate of $M/L$ for 30 pure spiral pairs is found to be 12 $\sim$ 16. These results are relatively smaller than those obtained in previous studies, but consistent with each other within the errors. Although the number of pairs with large separation is significantly increased compared to previous samples, $M/L$ does not show any tendency of increase, but found to be almost independent of the separation of pairs beyond 100 kpc. The constancy of $M/L$ beyond 100 kpc may indicate that the typical halo size of spiral galaxies is less than $\sim 100$ kpc.Comment: 18 pages + 8 figures, to appear in ApJ Vol. 516 (May 10

Cartografia ao milionésimo dos solos dos municípios brasileiros utilizando o módulo SCarta do SPRING e proposta de acesso para a Internet.

Os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) promoveram uma revolução nas operações de armazenamento e manipulação de informações espaciais e a Internet fomenta a atividade de disseminação desse tipo de informação para um público mais numeroso, heterogêneo e com diferentes interesses.bitstream/item/11840/1/comtec91.pd

Top quark loop corrections to the decay H+→h0W+H^+ \to h^0 W^+ in the Two Higgs Doublet Model

We calculate the decay width for the process $H^+ \to h^0 W^+$ up to order $g^4$ in the framework of the Two Higgs Doublet Model. We argue that for some reasonable choice of the free parameters the contribution from the one-loop graphs can be as large as 40%.Comment: 9 pages (in a4wide), tex with figures attached, uuencoded tared gzip file Postscript file also available at http://thep.physik.uni-mainz.de/~brueche

Comparação entre três perímetros irrigados usando-se os indicadores de desempenho RGC e SAI.

Apesar de vários programas do governo terem sido implementados, ainda existem muitos problemas relacionados ao desempenho dos perímetros irrigados. O estudo de desempenho permitirá fazer comparações de como um sistema tem se comportado em relação a outros similares. A avaliação comparativa fornecerá indicadores totais e onde melhoras podem ser feitas, em termos de manejo do sistema, infra-estrutura ou alocação de água, e permitirá salientar e entender os padrões relacionados ao desempenho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar comparativamente o desempenho dos perímetros irrigados: Projeto de Colonização Paracatu/Entre Ribeiros (pCPER 1); Distrito do Jaíba (DIJ) e Distrito de irrigação Senador Nilo Coelho (DISNIC), usando-se dois indicadores: Razão Global de Consumo (RGC) e Sustentabilidade da Área Irrigada (SAI). Os resultados encontrados permitiram concluir que a RGC apresentou valores máximos de 0,39; 0,56 e 0,75 para o PCPER I, o DISNIC e o DIJ, respectivamente. Dos três perímetros estudados o PCPER I apresentou a melhor taxa de ocupação, seguido do DISNIC e do DIJ, com os valores de 0,97; 0,64 e 0,52, respectivamente

Genetic gain in an improvement program of irrigated rice in Minas Gerais.

An evaluation of the genetic improvement programme of irrigated rice of Minas Gerais (Brazil) estimated the genetic gain obtained in the 90s. Grain yield data of the advanced comparative trials of cultivars and lines of continuously flooded rice, conducted from 1990-91 to 2000-01, were used. The estimate of the genetic gain was obtained by the methodology of the adjusted means proposed by Breseghello (1998). The mean annual genetic gain in the 90s was 42.45+or-17.89 kg ha-1 (0.7% per year). The improvement programme proved auspicious for the development of lines that outmatched the controls. The mean of the cultivars released in the 90s did however not outstrip the mean of the elite lines, which were the genotypes with the highest means in this study and will be further evaluated in the ongoing programme