Caroço de algodão em dietas sem volumoso para cordeiros confinados

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance, intake, feeding behavior, costs of production and nutritional parameters of sheep fed diets containing different levels of whole cottonseed (WC): zero, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. Two experiments have been carried out, in which in the first trial we have used a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates each, which lasted 70 days. The animals were kept in collective stalls and all of them have been weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment. The second experiment was a 5x5 Latin square design with five treatments and five animals divided in five periods of 14 days, totaling 70 days of experimentation. The intakes of the DM, OM, EE, NDF and NFC ave been not affected by WC levels (P>0.01). The WC levels had quadratic affect only on EE digestibility (P0.05). There were no effects (P>0.05) of whole cottonseed on average daily gain with average of 200.8g/animal/day, as well as there was no effect of the WC levels on intake behavior. A gross margins of R$0.18 to 0.19 per animal / day was observed for WC levels of 10 to 20$ 0,18 e 0,19 por animal/dia, respectivamente para os níveis 10 e 20% de caroço de algodão. Recomenda-se a inclusão de até 20% de caroço de algodão na ração de cordeiros confinados sem o fornecimento de volumoso

Multiple supplements for beef heifers on pasture in dry season

Objetivou-se avaliar níveis de suplementos múltiplos para novilhas de corte em pastejo restrito, sobre ganho médio diário (GMD), análise econômica e consumo de matéria seca (CMS), consumo de forragem (CFO), consumo de proteína bruta (CPB) e consumo de nutrientes digestíveis totais (CNDT). Para avaliação do desempenho e análise econômica foram utilizadas 20 novilhas Nelore com 328,45 ± 35,32 kg, em que foram avaliados os seguintes suplementos: controle (SAL) e níveis de suplementação de 2, 4 e 6 kg/animal/dia, perfazendo as seguintes proporções em % do peso corporal (PC): 0,55; 1,11 e 1,66%, respectivamente. Para avaliação do consumo de nutrientes foram utilizadas outras 5 novilhas Nelore com 344 ± 21,10 kg, em que foram avaliados os mesmos suplementos supracitados além do nível 2,22%PCM (8 kg/animal/dia). O GMD apresentou comportamento quadrático; os CMST, PB e CNDT apresentaram comportamento linear crescente e o CMSF linear decrescente em função dos níveis de suplementos. A estratégia de fornecimento de 0,55% do PCM proporcionou o melhor retorno econômico. A suplementação de 0,55; 1,11 e 1,66% do PCM para novilhas em pastejo restrito proporciona ganhos adicionais de peso de 608; 762 e 943 g/dia, respectivamente, os quais são efetivos em promover desempenhos produtivos e econômicos semelhantes aos obtidos em sistemas a pasto no período das águas.The objective was to evaluate levels of multiple supplement for beef heifers in restricted grazing on average daily gain (ADG), economic analysis and intakes of total dry matter (TDMI), forage dry matter (FDMI), crude protein (CPI) and total digestible nutrients (TDNI). For evaluation of performance and economic analysis, twenty Nellore heifers (328.45 kg) were used. The following supplements were evaluated as fed to the animals: control (mineral supplement) and supplementation levels of 2, 4 and 6 kg/animal/day, composing the following percentages of average body weight (ABW): 0.55, 1.11 and 1.66%, respectively. To evaluate the nutrient intake, additional five Nellore heifers with 344 kg, were used, which were submitted to same supplements previously mentioned, in addition to the level of 2.22% of ABW (8 kg/animal/day). Average daily gain showed quadratic behavior; TDMI, CPI and TDNI had increasing linear behavior; and FDMI showed decreasing linear behavior in function of the supplementation levels. The strategy of supplying 0.55, 1.11 and 1.66% of the ABW to heifers on restricted grazing provides additional weight gains of 608, 762 and 943 g/day, respectively, which are effective in promoting similar productive and economic performance to those obtained in grazing systems in the rainy period

Sunflower cake in multiple supplements for cattle grazing in the dry season: Nutritional characteristics

The objective was to evaluate the effect of inclusion levels of sunflower cake as protein source to replace soybean meal in multiple supplements for cattle grazing during dry season on nutritional parameters. Five steers were used, Nellore, non-castrated, with age and average initial weights of 20 months and 354.7 kg, respectively, divided into five paddocks of 0.25 ha each, consisting of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. The experiment was divided into 5 x 5 Latin square, composed of five experimental periods of 15 days each and five animals. The strategy adopted was the inclusion of sunflower cake in increasing levels of zero, 270, 406, 540 g / kg supplement and mineral supplement composed only by the will provided in the trough (control). Supplements were formulated to be isonitrogenous (25% CP) and provided the amount of 1.5 kg / animal / day of natural material. The forage mass and the availability of dry matter digestible pontecialmente were 3,120 and 2,379 kg DM / ha respectively. Effect was observed (P 0.10). There was a significant difference in the concentrations of NH3-N between animals that received only mineral mixture (8.64 mg / dL) and cattle supplemented with 0 (12.61 mg / dL) and 27% (11.79 mg / dL ) of adding TG in time 4 hours after supplementation. However, the concentration of NH3-N, between supplemented animalsindependent of the inclusion of TG was not significant (P> 0.10), but was numerically lower for animals supplemented with 40.6 (10.81 mg / dL ) and 54% (10.50 mg / dL) inclusion of sunflower cake. We conclude that the inclusion of sunflower cake in the formulation of the supplements did not interfere with nutritional parameters can replace soybean meal in up to 100% without affect consumption of animals, this level of supplementatio

Suplementos para terminação de ovinos em pastos de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu

The objective was to evaluate the supplementation on the productive response, nutritional parameters and the cost of production of sheep grazing grass Marandu. The experiment lasted 84 days and 20 lambs were used with age and initial body weight of 21.73 kg and four months, as well four rumen fitted sheep of 12 months and 55.00 kg of body weight, divided into four paddocks of 0.1 ha provided, with water and supplements dispenser, to evaluated the following treatments: mineral mix, soybean meal, soybean seed and cottonseed whole. For the average daily gain observed were of 0.061, 0.080, 0.060 and 0.080 kg day-1, respectively, for the mineral mix, soybean meal, soybean seed and cottonseed whole. The average pH values were 6.16, 6.18, 6.25 and 6.23, respectively, for the mineral supplements, soybean meal, soybean seed and cottonseed whole, and values for rumen ammonia nitrogen were 11, 10, 24.77, 22.31 and 29.37 mg dL-1 of rumen fluid, respectively. Supplements of soybean meal and cottonseed whole increased weight gain at 8.75% compared to animals maintained only with mineral salt, however, the mineral salt produced weight gain with lower cost. Objetivou-se avaliar a suplementação sobre a resposta produtiva, os parâmetros nutricionais e o custo de produção de ovinos em pasto de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. O experimento teve duração de 84 dias, e foram utilizadas 20 cordeiras deslanadas sem raça definida com idade e peso corporal inicial de quatro meses e 21,73 kg, além de quatro animais canulados no rúmen com 12 meses e 55,00 kg de peso corporal, distribuídos em quatro piquetes de 0,1 ha providos de bebedouros e cochos, em que foram avaliados os seguintes tratamentos: mistura mineral, farelo de soja, grão de soja e caroço de algodão. Foram observados ganhos de peso médio diário de 0,061; 0,080; 0,060 e 0,080 kg dia-1, respectivamente, para a mistura mineral, farelo de soja, grão de soja e caroço de algodão. Os valores médios de pH ruminal foram 6,16; 6,18; 6,25 e 6,23, respectivamente, para os suplementos mineral, farelo de soja, grão de soja e caroço de algodão e os valores para nitrogênio amoniacal ruminal foram 11,10; 24,77; 22,31 e 29,37 mg dL-1 de líquido ruminal, respectivamente, para suplementos mineral, farelo de soja, grão de soja e caroço de algodão. Os suplementos farelo de soja e caroço de algodão aumentaram o ganho de peso em 8,75%, em relação, aos animais mantidos apenas com mistura mineral, diminuindo a idade ao abate dos animais.