19,181 research outputs found
Teor de açĂșcar da ĂĄgua residuĂĄria do processamento do cafĂ©.
A fermentação dos açĂșcares contidos na mucilagem da ĂĄgua residuĂĄria do cafĂ© (ARC) possibilita obter ĂĄlcool. Para se obter bom rendimento de ĂĄlcool Ă© necessĂĄrio ajustar o teor de açĂșcar da ARC para 16° Brix. O trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar os teores de açĂșcar da ARC, apĂłs sucessivas reciclagens no processo de desmucilamento. Colocou-se ĂĄgua de torneira em amostras de cafĂ© cereja descascado, das variedades Bourbon Vermelho e Bourbon Amarelo, e a mucilagem foi extraĂda, girando-se um bastĂŁo de vidro, por 3 minutos. Foram feitas atĂ© seis extraçÔes, em seqĂŒĂȘncia, reciclando-se a ARC obtida. Os teores de açĂșcar da ARC aumentaram linearmente com o aumento do nĂșmero de extraçÔes realizadas. O teor de açĂșcar da ARC elevou-se de 3,1 para 9,3° Brix, apĂłs cinco extraçÔes, e de 2,6 para 10,3° Brix, apĂłs seis extraçÔes da mucilagem do cereja descascado, das variedades Bourbon Vermelho e Bourbon Amarelo, respectivamente
Systematics of soft final state interactions in decay
By using very general and well established features of soft strong
interactions we show, contrary to conventional expectations, that (i) soft
final state interactions (FSI) do not disappear for large , (ii) inelastic
rescattering is expected to be the main source of soft FSI phases, and (iii)
flavor off-diagonal FSI are suppressed by a power of , but are quite
likely to be significant at ~GeV. We briefly discuss the influence
of these interactions on tests of CP-violation and on theoretical calculations
of weak decays.Comment: 11 pages, REVTeX, no figure
The yield curve and the macro-economy across time and frequencies
This paper assesses the relation between the yield curve and the main macroeconomic variables in the U.S. between early 1960s and 2009 across time and frequencies, using wavelet analyses. The shape of the yield curve is modelled by latent factors corresponding to its level, slope and curvature, estimated by maximum likelihood with the Kalman filter. The macroeconomic variables measure econmic activity, unemployment, inflation and the fed funds rate. The cross wavelet tools employed - coherency and phase difference - , the set of variables and the length of the sample, allow for a thorough appraisal of the time- variation and structural breaks in the direction,intensity,synchronization and periodicity of the relation between the yield curve and the macro-economy. Our evidence establishes a number of new stylized facts on the yield curve-macro relation; and sheds light on several results found in the literature, which could not have been achieved with analyses conducted strictly in the time-domain(as most of the literature)or purely in the frequency-domain.Macro-finance; Yield curve; Kalman filter; Continuous wavelet transform;Wavelet coherency;Phase-difference
The yield curve and the macro-economy across time and frequencies
This paper assesses the relation between the yield curve and the main macroeconomic variables in the U.S. between early 1960s and 2010 across time and frequencies, using wavelet analyses. The shape of the yield curve is modelled by latent factors corresponding to its level, slope and curvature, estimated by maximum likelihood with the Kalman filter. The macroeconomic variables measure economic activity, unemployment, inflation and the fed funds rate. The cross wavelet tools employed â coherency and phase difference â, the set of variables and the length of the sample, allow for a thorough appraisal of the timevariation and structural breaks in the direction, intensity, synchronization and periodicity of the relation between the yield curve and the macro-economy. Our evidence establishes a number of new stylized facts on the yield curve-macro relation; and sheds light on several results found in the literature, which could not have been achieved with analyses conducted strictly in the time-domain (as most of the literature) or purely in the frequency-domain.Macro-finance; Yield curve; Kalman filter; Continuous wavelet transform; Wavelet coherency; Phase-difference.
Synchronization of Economic Sentiment Cycles in the Euro Area: a time-frequency analysis
We use wavelet tools and Economic Sentiment Indicators to study the synchronization of economic cycles in the Euro Area. We assess the time-varying and frequency-varying pattern of business cycles synchronization in the Area and test the impact of the creation of the European Monetary Union in 1999. Among several results, we find that (a) the EMU is associated with a significant increase in synchronization of economic sentiment in the Euro Area; (b) the hard-peg of its currency to the Euro led to a comparable synchronization of Denmark's economic sentiment after 1999, differently from what happened in the case of the UK.Business cycle synchronization; Economic sentiment; Euro Area; Continuous wavelet transform; Wavelet coherency; Wavelet distance; Phase-difference.
Strong evidences for a nonextensive behavior of the rotation period in Open Clusters
Time-dependent nonextensivity in a stellar astrophysical scenario combines
nonextensive entropic indices derived from the modified Kawaler's
parametrization, and , obtained from rotational velocity distribution. These
's are related through a heuristic single relation given by , where is the cluster age. In a nonextensive
scenario, these indices are quantities that measure the degree of
nonextensivity present in the system. Recent studies reveal that the index
is correlated to the formation rate of high-energy tails present in the
distribution of rotation velocity. On the other hand, the index is
determined by the stellar rotation-age relationship. This depends on the
magnetic field configuration through the expression , where
and denote the saturation level of the star magnetic field and its
topology, respectively. In the present study, we show that the connection
is also consistent with 548 rotation period data for single
main-sequence stars in 11 Open Clusters aged less than 1 Gyr. The value of
2.5 from our unsaturated model shows that the mean magnetic field
topology of these stars is slightly more complex than a purely radial field.
Our results also suggest that stellar rotational braking behavior affects the
degree of anti-correlation between and cluster age . Finally, we suggest
that stellar magnetic braking can be scaled by the entropic index .Comment: 6 pages and 2 figures, accepted to EPL on October 17, 201
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