Time Prospects and Migratory Attitudes of Magadan Students at Different Stages of Education

The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient knowledge of the influence of conditions the migration-mobile region on the formation of time perspectives for young people. The purpose was to study the correlation of time perspectives and migration attitudes of Magadan students at different stages of education. Methods: a questionnaire for studying the time perspectives of ZPTI F. Zimbardo in the adaptation of A. Syrtsova and the “Scale of Migratory Personality Attitudes”, based on the author’s concept of migration attitudes. Conclusions: the study showed that as learning in the university decreases the role of assessing the past in the territorial self-determination of Magadan students and the role of satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the present increases. The younger students, satisfied with the past, are more committed to the place of residence, and the students of the senior courses are satisfied with the present. The dual role of meaningful people in forming the time perspectives of the undergraduates is revealed: expectations from relatives and support for the student’s migratory attitudes open up a future time perspectives for him, and vice versa, the absence of such leads to frustration, a sense of hopelessness described in the terminology of ZPTI as a “fatalistic present”. The lack of a link between their own migration attitudes and the time perspectives of the future means that some of the purposeful students connect their perspectives with the actual place of residence, some with a possible move

CORRELATION OF MIGRATORY ATTITUDES OF MAGADAN INHABITANTS AND FEATURES OF THEIR DEFENSIVE-COPING BEHAVIOUR

The results of the empirical research of the correlation between the migratory attitudes of the inhabitants of Magadan and the features of their defensive-coping behavior are described in the article. Methods: the author’s scale of migratory attitudes of the personality, the scale of situational and personal anxiety by C.Spilberger, questionnaires “Life style index” (LSI), “Strategic Approach to Coping Scale” (SACS). The research with the participation of 68 Magadan inhabitants has shown that the inhabitants with the low level of personal anxiety, using regression as a defense mechanism, the coping forms: avoidance, indecisive actions and passive forms of coping behavior as a whole, have less expressed migratory attitudes. And on the contrary, the migratory attitudes are more likely to form in the respondents who are ready for active, resolute, constructive actions to change an unsatisfyingsituation, seek social support, take into account the needs, opinions and expectations of the immediate social environment. However, the correlations of migratory attitudes with the active forms of coping are not revealed. It means that the activity inherent in the subject does not necessarily imply a desire of migration, and can be implemented in the current region of residence

Post-Vaccination and Post-Infection Immunity to the Hepatitis B Virus and Circulation of Immune-Escape Variants in the Russian Federation 20 Years after the Start of Mass Vaccination

A neonatal vaccination against the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was initiated in Russia 20 years ago, with catch-up immunization for adolescents and adults under the age of 60 years launched in 2006. Here, we have assessed the humoral immunity to HBV in different regions of Russia, as well as the infection frequency following 20 years of a nationwide vaccination campaign. We have also evaluated the role of immune-escape variants in continuing HBV circulation. A total of 36,149 healthy volunteers from nine regions spanning the Russian Federation from west to east were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HBV capsid protein (anti-HBc), and antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs). HBV sequences from 481 chronic Hepatitis B patients collected from 2018–2022 were analyzed for HBsAg immune-escape variants, compared with 205 sequences obtained prior to 2010. Overall, the HBsAg detection rate was 0.8%, with this level significantly exceeded only in one study region, the Republic of Dagestan (2.4%, p p > 0.05). The population dynamics of immune-escape variants predicted by Bayesian analysis have remained stable over the last 20 years, indicating the absence of vaccine-driven positive selection. In contrast, the wild-type HBV population size experienced a rapid decrease starting in the mid-1990s, following the introduction of mass immunization, but it subsequently began to recover, reaching pre-vaccination levels by 2020. Taken together, these data indicate that it is gaps in vaccination, and not virus evolution, that may be responsible for the continued virus circulation despite 20 years of mass vaccination