HOMEOPATHY TODAY - EDUCATION AND STATUS

Due to its encouaring results, classic homeopathy soon became very popular that a great number of homeopathic hospitals and educational institutions in Europe and America were founded at the end of the 19th century. However, historic events at the beinning of the 20th century diminished its use for the longer period of time. Since 1970, homoeopathy has been reviving in many countries of the world in different domains – educational institutions have appeared, it has been incorporated in many national health systems and there has been research development. Nowadays, homeopathy is recognised in all continents either as an independent or alternative (complementary) medical system. Since status of homeopathy and possibilities for education have not been uniformed and standardized in the world, the aim of this article is to offer an abbreviated review on possibilities of education, status and history of homeopathy. The refer belong to developed countries, different continents and neighboring countries

Chemical characterization and bioactive properties of a coffee-like beverage prepared from: Quercus cerris kernels

© 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry. In the present study, a coffee-like beverage was prepared from Quercus cerris seeds. Seeds presented 60.4% carbohydrates (of which 26.9% is fiber), 6.3% proteins and 4.0% fat. In the coffee-like beverage, the TPC and TFC were 2070.2 mg GAE per L and 285.3 mg CEQ per L, respectively. The IC 50 values determined using FRAP and DPPH assays were, respectively, 203.1 mg L -1 and 271.6 mg L -1 . Concerning the reactive species scavenging capacity, the extract was more effective against O 2- , HClO and NO (namely, IC 50 = 17.24 ± 0.24 μg mL -1 , IC 50 = 9.25 ± 0.92 μg mL -1 and IC 50 = 0.65 ± 0.06 μg mL -1 ). Qualitative and quantitative analyses by 1D- and 2D-NMR and LC-MS indicated high levels of ellagic acid and gallotannin or ellagitannin derivatives. The optimal range of non-cytotoxic concentrations in Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cell lines was between 0.1 and 1.0 μg mL -1 . This is the first study that evaluates the Q. cerris seed extract as a beverage

Chemical characterization and bioactive properties of a coffee-like beverage prepared from: Quercus cerris kernels

In the present study, a coffee-like beverage was prepared from Quercus cerris seeds. Seeds presented 60.4% carbohydrates (of which 26.9% is fiber), 6.3% proteins and 4.0% fat. In the coffee-like beverage, the TPC and TFC were 2070.2 mg GAE per L and 285.3 mg CEQ per L, respectively. The IC 50 values determined using FRAP and DPPH assays were, respectively, 203.1 mg L -1 and 271.6 mg L -1 . Concerning the reactive species scavenging capacity, the extract was more effective against O 2 - , HClO and NO (namely, IC 50 = 17.24 \ub1 0.24 \u3bcg mL -1 , IC 50 = 9.25 \ub1 0.92 \u3bcg mL -1 and IC 50 = 0.65 \ub1 0.06 \u3bcg mL -1 ). Qualitative and quantitative analyses by 1D- and 2D-NMR and LC-MS indicated high levels of ellagic acid and gallotannin or ellagitannin derivatives. The optimal range of non-cytotoxic concentrations in Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cell lines was between 0.1 and 1.0 \u3bcg mL -1 . This is the first study that evaluates the Q. cerris seed extract as a beverage. \ua9 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry

DNA binding, antibacterial and antifungal activities of copper(II) complexes with some S-alkenyl derivatives of thiosalicylic acid

The biological activities of two binuclear copper(II) complexes containing S-alkenyl derivatives of thiosalicylic acid are reported [alkenyl = propenyl (L1), isobutenyl (L2)]. The structure of the complex with the S-isobutenyl derivative (C2) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis, which revealed that the structure consists of centrosymmetric, dinuclear complex molecules [Cu-2(S-i-butenyl-thiosal)(4)(DMSO)(2)] containing two Cu(II) centers bridged by four S-isobutyl-thiosalicylate ligands in a paddle-wheel type structure. The Cu(II) atom is situated in a distorted square-pyramidal environment formed by carboxylate oxygen atoms in the basal plane and a DMSO ligand in the axial position. The reactivities of the complexes toward guanosine-5-monophosphate (5-GMP) were investigated. Complex C2 ([Cu-2(S-i-butenyl-thiosal)(4)(H2O)(2)]) reacted more rapidly with 5-GMP than complex C1. The interactions of complexes C1 and C2 with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were examined by absorption (UV-Vis) and emission spectral studies (ethidium bromide displacement studies), revealing good DNA interaction abilities. The antimicrobial activities of the free ligands and their complexes were tested by microdilution method, and both minimal inhibitory and microbicidal concentrations were determined. All the tested substances demonstrated selective and moderate antibacterial activity on gram-positive bacteria, but low antibacterial activity on gram-negative bacteria. Also, the tested substances demonstrated low antifungal activity