91 research outputs found

    Effect of Soil Contamination on the Mineral Composition of Forage Fertilized with Nitrogen

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    Mineral analysis of forage from a nitrogen (N) fertilizer, field study produced unexpectedly high iron (Fe) concentrations which were correlated with the N fertilizer level (r²=.92) and the percentage N in the forage (r²=.94). The high Fe values were presumed to be associated with dust on the leaves. The objective of this study was to determine the level of soil contamination on the forage sample and the contribution of mineral in the contaminant to that measured in the sample. Soil contamination of plant tissue samples was calculated from the dilution of soil titanium (Ti) assuming that the uncontaminated tissue contained 0 g Ti/g. Tissue harvested from the 0, 28, 56, or 84 kg N/ha treatments contained 23, 49, 48, and 60 mg soil/ g, respectively. Significant N fertilizer effects would have been accepted for each element tested if soil contamination had been ignored. Correcting for contamination resulted in significant N-fertilizer effects on the concentrations of sodium, potassium, manganese, iron, and zinc but not magnesium or calcium in the forage. Some of these effects may be explained by the acidifying effect of the N fertilizer source

    Soil ingestion by ungulates grazing a sagebrush-bunchgrass range in Eastern Oregon

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    Ingested soil by the grazing animal not only contributes to the wear of the animal's teeth, but may also be a source of dietary minerals. Thus, an estimate of soil intake is a necessary factor in the determination of the amount of minerals entering the animal via the soil. Titanium (Ti), a rare earth element, is relatively abundant in soils, but is found only in small quantities (1 part per million) in plants not contaminated with soil (Healy, 1968). Thus, its presence in the feces of grazing animals is a reflection of: (1) eating soil-contaminated forage; (2) ingesting soil directly; (3) drinking soil-contaminated water. Mayland et al. (1975) investigated the Ti method in Idaho and found it useful for estimating soil ingestion by cattle grazing a semiarid range. Recently, Mayland and Sneva (in press) discuss the Ti method's usefulness to range investigations. This paper presents Ti values determined in the soil and in feces of five ungulates grazing a sagebrush-bunchgrass range over a two-year period. From those findings the annual mean soil intake per ungulate was estimated and discussed relative to the variability in the data
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