EFFECT OFCO-ADMINISTRATION OF EMBLICA OFFICINALIS AND AEGLE MARMELOS EXTRACTS FOR ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop an HPLC analytical method and to perform in vivo study of Emblica officinalis and Aegle marmelos extracts for antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Methods: The phytochemical analyses, total phenolic content (TPC), TLC, DPPH assay were performed for freeze-dried Emblica officinalis fruits aqueous extract (EOFAE) and Aegle marmelos leaves ethyl acetate extract (AMLEAE). The active constituents present in both extracts were estimated by using HPLC system having Hibar® C18 column [250 x4.6 mm, 5 µm] and UV detector (264 nm). A gradient mobile phase (acetonitrile and water with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) was used at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. In vivo antioxidant, antidiabetic activity of both extracts was conducted on male albino Wistar rats for 21 d in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (42 rats; n=6). The antidiabetic activity was measured by blood glucose level and biochemical parameters i.e. total cholesterol, triglycerides and total protein. Oxidative stress was measured by antioxidant biomarkers i.e. SOD, GSH, lipid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method on the liver of the experimental rat. Results: Tannins, saponins, carbohydrate, glycosides are found in EOFAE; coumarins and flavonoids are found in AMLEAE and quinones, phenols are present in both extracts. The values of TPC present in standard gallic acid, EOFAE and AMLEAE were found to be 485.7, 315.6, 300.7 mgGAE/g, respectively. Rf values obtained by TLC of EOFAE and AMLEAE were found to be 0.41 and 0.50, respectively. The values of % inhibition shown by EOFAE and AMLEAE in DPPH assay were found to be 97.8%±2 and 95.2%±2, respectively. The values of retention time of EOFAE and AMLEAE by HPLC analysis were found to be 4.59 and 5.28 min, respectively. Histopathological examination of the liver was revealed that low dose EOAM (containing of EOFAE 250+AMLEAE 250 mg/kg body weight) administered once a daily for 21 d showed significant activity (P˂0.001) with biochemical parameters and antioxidant biomarkers. Conclusion: The present study showed that the EOFAE and AMLEAE treated group III with (EOAM) low dose of 500 mg/kg body weight has potent antioxidant and antidiabetic activity

A Clinical Study in Evaluating the Efficacy of Eranda Taila for Augmentation of Labor

Background and Objectives: The journey of pregnancy and delivery of a baby is a memorable event in every woman’s life. Labor is an intricate process relying on many factors like passage – the pelvis; passenger – the fetus and power – uterine contractility and maternal expulsive effort for its successful outcome. The time taken for normal labor in primi is 12–14 hours and latent phase of labor is expected not to exceed more than 8 hours,1 thus any intervention that augments and eases labor is well accepted, providing comfort to mother and fetus. Garbha niskramana kriya2 being one of the important functions of apanavata, its normalcy is necessary for normal labor. Our ancient acharyas have explained anuvasana basti3-6 in the ninth month paricharya of garbhini, where basti tends for vatanulomana, particularly apanavata and for garbhamarga snehanarth. Eranda taila7 having vatanulomana, yonivishodhana and adhobhaga doshahara property is used since ages and by folklore people in labor, selected for the study.Method: A single blind comparative study, conducted on 45 primi and primipara gravida term pregnancy patients from IPD and OPD of S.D.M. Ayurveda Hospital, Kuthpady, Udupi. Selected 45 patients were randomly assigned in three groups of 15 patients each. Intervened with Eranda taila orally 30 mL, Matra Basti 30 mL and 2.5 IU of oxytocin in 1 pint of RL fluid administered as per the protocol of induction to the respective groups. The outcome measures, which were assessed, were progress in labor using the standard parameters of Bishop’s score and partogram and compared within groups.Results: Eranda taila matra basti showed fast progress on all the parameters for delivery with statistical significance in time taken for first stage of labor with p value <0.05. Eranda taila paana showed slow and gradual progress and the control group had almost nearer action as eranda taila matra basti.Conclusion: Eranda taila matra basti group showed good results than the other study groups by augmenting the labor and reducing duration of first stage of labor

A Review on Malicious URL Detection using Machine Learning Systems

Malicious web sites pretendsignificant danger to desktop security and privacy.These links become instrumental in giving partial or full system control to the attackers. This results in victim systems, which get easily infected and, attackers can utilize systems for various cyber-crimes such as stealing credentials, spamming, phishing, denial-of-service and many more such attack. Detection of such website is difficult because of thephishing campaigns and the efforts to avoid blacklists.To look for malicious URLs, the first step is usually to gather URLs that are liveon the Internet. There are various stages to detect this URLs such as collection of dataset, extracting feature using different feature extraction techniques and Classification of extracted feature. This paper focus on comparative analysis of malicious URL detection techniques

Influence of Geopolymerization Factors on Sustainable Production of Pelletized Fly Ash–Based Aggregates Admixed with Bentonite, Lime, and GGBS

This experimental research investigates the influence of geopolymerization factors such as Na₂O dosages, water and mineral admixture [bentonite (BT), burnt lime (BL), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)] on physiomechanical properties of the pelletized fly ash (FA)–based aggregates. Taguchi’s L₉ orthogonal array was adopted to design the mixing ratios for three kinds of fly ash–based aggregates (in the combinations of FA-BT, FA-BL, and FA-GGBS). The degree of geopolymerization of the produced aggregates was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Most influential response indices in the production of pelletized aggregates were identified using gray relational analysis. The physiomechanical characteristics of the fly-ash aggregates were significantly improved by admixing BL than that of GGBS and BT. However, pelletization efficiency was seen to be superior for GGBS-substituted fly-ash aggregates. The quantified amount of hydration products, i.e., sodium alumino-silicate hydrate (N-A-S-H)/calcium alumino-silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) for fly ash–based aggregates intensified on increasing Na₂O and mineral admixture dosages. The results strongly suggest the existence of a linear relationship between the quantified amount of N-A-S-H/C-A-S-H and individual pellet strength of produced aggregate. The FTIR spectrum showed strong and broadened bands of Si-O terminal for all types of aggregates, representing the conversion of unreacted minerals to chains of aluminosilicate gel (geopolymerized hydration product). Further, it can also be inferred from gray relational analysis that among all other factors, Na₂O content significantly impacted the engineering properties of produced fly ash–based aggregates

An Ant Colony Optimization based Routing Techniques for VANET

With number of moving vehicles, vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is formed. These are provided with the wireless connections. Among various challenges in the VANET such as security and privacy of the messages, data forwarding is also considered as a major challenge. The effective communication is mainly depends on the how safely and fast the data is being forwarded among the vehicles. Data forwarding using Greedy mechanism suitable for routing in the VANETs, it depends only on the position of nodes and also data forwarding is done with minimum number of hops. In this paper, Position based GPCR and topology based DYMO routing protocol are adapted to make the use of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) procedures. The resulting bio-inspired protocols, ACO_GPCR and ACO_DYMO had its performance evaluated and compared against existing GPCR and DYMO routing protocols. The obtained results suggest that making the use of ACO algorithm make these protocols more efficient in terms of Delay, Jitter, Packet Delivery Ratio and energy consumption

Reliable Taxi Ride Sharing System

Now a day?s everyone is using taxi for riding but when there is a need of taxi we have to wait for a long time so for reducing the efforts a taxi-sharing system is developed that accepts taxi passenger?s real-time ride requests sent from browser and schedules proper taxis to pick up them via ridesharing and monetary constraints. The monetary constraints provide benefits for both passengers and taxi drivers: passengers will not pay more compared with ride and distance and driver will get more profit from this. While this system is beneficial in case of environment such as saving energy consumption. Taxi riders and taxi drivers use the taxi-sharing service provided by the system via browser. In this rider will send request and driver will get acknowledgment. A scheduling process is then performed to select a taxi that satisfies the request with minimum increase in travel distance. A ride request generator is developed in terms of the stochastic process modeling real ride requests learned from the data set. Tested on this platform with extensive experiments, this system demonstrates its efficiency and effectiveness

IN SILICO MOLECULAR DOCKING AND PHARMACOKINETIC PREDICTION OF GALLIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS PPAR-γ AGONISTS

Objective: To perform molecular docking and pharmacokinetic prediction of gallic acid derivatives as Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist for the treatment of diabetes.Methods: Molecular docking study on gallic acid and different derivatives of gallic acid was performed using GOLD v5.2 software. In addition to this, all the derivatives were analysed for drug likeliness, Lipinski's rule and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties using online tools like admet SAR, Molinspiration and Medchem designer.Results: Molecular docking studies reveals that SSP-12, SSP-13 and SSP-40 demonstrated significant binding to the PPAR-γ receptor with good Gold score fitness (73.11, 69.86 and 75.51 respectively) and relative ligand energy (-8.26,-8.33 and-7.82, respectively) as compared to standard drugs i.e. rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, (64.10 and 66.72) and (-4.30 and-2.47) respectively.Conclusion: The final results of molecular docking along with information gathered from pharmacokinetic parameters of gallic acid derivatives may be utilised further for the development of newer PPAR-γ agonists having anti-diabetic potential with better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile

Cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin increases freezability of buffalo bull (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa by increasing cholesterol to phospholipid ratio

Aim: The study was conducted to investigate the effect of cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) on freezability of buffalo spermatozoa. Materials and Methods: Murrah buffalo bull semen samples with progressive motility of 70% and greater were used. After the evaluation of motility and livability, four equal fractions of semen samples were made. Group I was kept as control and diluted with Tris, whereas Group II, III and IV were treated with CLC solution at the rate of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/ml respectively to obtain 120 × 106 sperm/ml as final spermatozoa concentration. The aliquots of all the groups were incubated for action of CLC, followed by dilution and freezing. Evaluation at pre-freeze and post-thaw stage of progressive motility, viability and level of cholesterol and phospholipid was done. Results: The mean cholesterol content (μg/100 × 106 spermatozoa) of Group I, II, III and IV at pre-freeze stage was 21.55±0.63, 49.56±1.38, 55.67±0.45 and 47.79±1.01 and at post-thaw stage were 13.18±0.45, 34.27±0.71, 36.21±0.48 and 33.68±0.56, respectively. At pre-freeze stage, cholesterol content was significantly (p<0.01) higher in Group III in comparison to other groups. The mean cholesterol and phospholipids content of fresh sperm was 24.14±0.58 and 51.13±0.66 μg/100 × 106 sperm cells, respectively, and C/P ratio of spermatozoa at fresh stage was 0.47±0.067. Conclusion: CLC treatment maintains the C/P ratio and plays an important role in maintaining membrane architecture of spermatozoa. Hence, addition of CLC may be helpful in increasing freezability of buffalo spermatozoa by increasing the C/P ratio of spermatozoa