Maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy with hepatitis E virus infection

Background: Hepatitis E infection has been a major concern in the pregnant females due to its fulminant nature in pregnancy and increased mortality in pregnant females as compared the non-pregnant females and males. In spite of approximately 60 years of its discovery the cause of fulminant nature of hepatitis E in pregnancy still remains a mystery. The maternal and fetal outcomes are still unfavorable. Various studies and hypothesis have been given but still not proved. Hence the study was performed in tertiary care centre to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy with hepatitis E virus infection.Methods: All cases of hepatitis E, IgM positive visiting the antenatal clinic or admitted during the period of 2012 and 2014 at the tertiary care centre were included in the study. Other cases of hepatitis (noninfectious, other causes of viral hepatitis) were excluded. Maternal outcome in terms of acute liver failure, coagulation failure, hepatic encephalopathy and maternal mortality was studied. Fetal outcome in terms of, preterm labor, low birth weight, intrauterine fetal death was studied.Results: In the study it was found that pregnant women with jaundice and acute viral hepatitis due to hepatitis E virus infection had a high mortality rate (52%), especially during third trimester and postpartum period (82%). The most common medical complication was coagulation failure (56%) and acute liver failure (27%) followed by hepatic encephalopathy (17%). The most common obstetric complication was post-partum hemorrhage (42%) followed by IUFD (24%), APH (8%).Conclusions: The study shows that pregnant women with jaundice and acute viral hepatitis due to hepatitis E virus infection had a high mortality rate especially during third trimester and postpartum period and also they had poor obstetric and fetal outcome

Role of Doppler indices in prediction of perinatal outcome in preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The objective of the study was to study Doppler indices in pregnancies with preeclampsia and to correlate Doppler indices with perinatal outcome.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted within a period of September 2012 to August 2014 where 100 singleton preeclampsia patients attending tertiary care hospital were recruited. These patients were followed by serial Doppler assessment and the result of the last Doppler examination within 10 days of delivery was considered in the subsequent correlation with perinatal outcomes. Perinatal outcome was studied under major and minor adverse outcome.Results: In this study out of total population 54% were primigravida patients. 43.75% caesarean sections done for fetal distress with abnormal Doppler. Bilateral uterine artery diastolic notch and umbilical artery S/D ratio have better sensitivity (72.55%) for prediction of minor adverse outcome while uterine artery diastolic notch has better sensitivity (86.67%) for major adverse outcome. Umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery RI have better specificity and positive predictive value  for prediction of both major and minor adverse outcome. Bilateral uterine artery notch and umbilical artery S/D ratio have better negative predictive value for prediction of both major and minor adverse outcome.Conclusions: In this study it is concluded that Doppler analysis helps not only earlier detection of uteroplacental and fetoplacental changes associated with the disease but also help to take decision for early intervention. Doppler technology has provided the best opportunity for repetitive non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring in pregnancy for fetal well-being evaluation and predicting perinatal outcome

Maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy with hepatitis E virus infection

Background: Hepatitis E infection has been a major concern in the pregnant females due to its fulminant nature in pregnancy and increased mortality in pregnant females as compared the non-pregnant females and males. In spite of approximately 60 years of its discovery the cause of fulminant nature of hepatitis E in pregnancy still remains a mystery. The maternal and fetal outcomes are still unfavorable. Various studies and hypothesis have been given but still not proved. Hence the study was performed in tertiary care centre to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy with hepatitis E virus infection.Methods: All cases of hepatitis E, IgM positive visiting the antenatal clinic or admitted during the period of 2012 and 2014 at the tertiary care centre were included in the study. Other cases of hepatitis (noninfectious, other causes of viral hepatitis) were excluded. Maternal outcome in terms of acute liver failure, coagulation failure, hepatic encephalopathy and maternal mortality was studied. Fetal outcome in terms of, preterm labor, low birth weight, intrauterine fetal death was studied.Results: In the study it was found that pregnant women with jaundice and acute viral hepatitis due to hepatitis E virus infection had a high mortality rate (52%), especially during third trimester and postpartum period (82%). The most common medical complication was coagulation failure (56%) and acute liver failure (27%) followed by hepatic encephalopathy (17%). The most common obstetric complication was post-partum hemorrhage (42%) followed by IUFD (24%), APH (8%).Conclusions: The study shows that pregnant women with jaundice and acute viral hepatitis due to hepatitis E virus infection had a high mortality rate especially during third trimester and postpartum period and also they had poor obstetric and fetal outcome

Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating Method for Estimation of Chlorthalidone in Bulk and Tablets with the Use of Experimental Design in Forced Degradation Experiments

Chlorthalidone was subjected to various forced degradation conditions. Substantial degradation of chlorthalidone was obtained in acid, alkali, and oxidative conditions. Further full factorial experimental design was applied for acid and alkali forced degradation conditions, in which strength of acid/alkali, temperature, and time of heating were considered as independent variables (factors) and % degradation was considered as dependent variable (response). Factors responsible for acid and alkali degradation were statistically evaluated using Yates analysis and Pareto chart. Furthermore, using surface response curve, optimized 10% degradation was obtained. All chromatographic separation was carried out on Phenomenex HyperClone C 18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ), using mobile phase comprising methanol : acetonitrile : phosphate buffer (20 mM) (pH 3.0 adjusted with o-phosphoric acid): 30 : 10 : 60% v/v. The flow rate was kept constant at 1 mL/min and eluent was detected at 241 nm. In calibration curve experiments, linearity was found to be in the range of 2–12 μg/mL. Validation experiments proved good accuracy and precision of the method. Also there was no interference of excipients and degradation products at the retention time of chlorthalidone, indicating specificity of the method

Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating Method for Estimation of Chlorthalidone in Bulk and Tablets with the Use of Experimental Design in Forced Degradation Experiments

Chlorthalidone was subjected to various forced degradation conditions. Substantial degradation of chlorthalidone was obtained in acid, alkali, and oxidative conditions. Further full factorial experimental design was applied for acid and alkali forced degradation conditions, in which strength of acid/alkali, temperature, and time of heating were considered as independent variables (factors) and % degradation was considered as dependent variable (response). Factors responsible for acid and alkali degradation were statistically evaluated using Yates analysis and Pareto chart. Furthermore, using surface response curve, optimized 10% degradation was obtained. All chromatographic separation was carried out on Phenomenex HyperClone C 18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 ), using mobile phase comprising methanol : acetonitrile : phosphate buffer (20 mM) (pH 3.0 adjusted with o-phosphoric acid): 30 : 10 : 60% v/v. The flow rate was kept constant at 1 mL/min and eluent was detected at 241 nm. In calibration curve experiments, linearity was found to be in the range of 2-12 g/mL. Validation experiments proved good accuracy and precision of the method. Also there was no interference of excipients and degradation products at the retention time of chlorthalidone, indicating specificity of the method

Role of Doppler indices in prediction of perinatal outcome in preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The objective of the study was to study Doppler indices in pregnancies with preeclampsia and to correlate Doppler indices with perinatal outcome.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted within a period of September 2012 to August 2014 where 100 singleton preeclampsia patients attending tertiary care hospital were recruited. These patients were followed by serial Doppler assessment and the result of the last Doppler examination within 10 days of delivery was considered in the subsequent correlation with perinatal outcomes. Perinatal outcome was studied under major and minor adverse outcome.Results: In this study out of total population 54% were primigravida patients. 43.75% caesarean sections done for fetal distress with abnormal Doppler. Bilateral uterine artery diastolic notch and umbilical artery S/D ratio have better sensitivity (72.55%) for prediction of minor adverse outcome while uterine artery diastolic notch has better sensitivity (86.67%) for major adverse outcome. Umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery RI have better specificity and positive predictive value  for prediction of both major and minor adverse outcome. Bilateral uterine artery notch and umbilical artery S/D ratio have better negative predictive value for prediction of both major and minor adverse outcome.Conclusions: In this study it is concluded that Doppler analysis helps not only earlier detection of uteroplacental and fetoplacental changes associated with the disease but also help to take decision for early intervention. Doppler technology has provided the best opportunity for repetitive non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring in pregnancy for fetal well-being evaluation and predicting perinatal outcome

Proceedings of National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society

This conference proceedings contains articles on the various research ideas of the academic community and practitioners presented at the National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society (R{ES}2 2021). R{ES}2 2021 was organized by Shri Pandurang Pratishthan’s, Karmayogi Engineering College, Shelve, Pandharpur, India on July 25th, 2021. Conference Title: National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and SocietyConference Acronym: R{ES}2 2021Conference Date: 25 July 2021Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizers: Shri Pandurang Pratishthan’s, Karmayogi Engineering College, Shelve, Pandharpur, India