The utilization by sheep of the proteins contained in the natural grazing during different seasons of the year

By means of controlled metabolism experiments it was shown that the biological value of the proteins in the natural grazing of the Transvaal varies according to the season of the year. During April the average biological value is 82, and during July the value obtained is 83. When the nitrogen content of the pasture increases, the biological value decreases. In October the average biological value is 62, and in January 74. It has been shown by means of the above data that there is a protein deficiency in the pasture during the entire winter, starting in April and concluding round about August or September.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The biological values of the proteins of oats, barley, wheatbran and pollard

The biological values and digestibilities of the proteins of whole oats seed, unpearled barley, wheatbran and pollard have been determined and a figure expressing the percentage utilizable protein calculated.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Further studies on the amino acid deficiencies of plant proteins

By means of paired feeding tests, it has been shown that sesamemeal is deficient in cystine and that cottonseedmeal is not deficient in this amino acid. Bran and coprameal are apparently not deficient in lysine, while the supplementation of peanutmeal with methionine did not enhance its growth-promoting properties. Tryptophane does not appear to be a secondary amino acid deficiency in either soyabeans or linseed meal. By means of nitrogen balance studies, it was shown that the increased weights obtained by the supplementation of sesamemeal with cystine are due to a better utilization of the sesamemeal nitrogen. The unsupplemented biological value previously determined by Smuts and Malan was 71 and the supplemented biological value as determined in this paper 80. In the case of cottonseed supplemented by cystine, the biological value of 84 is only slightly higher than 81, and does not signify a significantly better utilization of nitrogen of the supplemented over the unsupplemented cottonseedmeal.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The endogenous nitrogen metabolism of young sheep with reference to the estimation of the maintenance requirement of sheep

In a study on the endogenous nitrogen excretion of immature sheep, it was found that young sheep reach their endogenous level on the 6th day, after having been on a standard ration of 14 per cent lucerne protein. The endogenous nitrogen excretion was found to be higher than in mature sheep, the average value for 4 months old wethers being .051 grms. per Kg. A formula for estimating the maintenance requirement of sheep was devised and its application tested. It was also shown that the basal metabolism of sheep can be predicted from the endogenous N, and that the figures arrived at agree very well with the values reported in the literature.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590: 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The biological value of white fishmeal as determined on growing sheep and rats

By means of nitrogen metabolism experiments with white fish meal on rats and sheep, it was found that the apparent and true digestibilities of the white fishmeal protein are respectively 79 and 97 percent with rats and 63 and 87 per cent with sheep. The biological value as determined by rats at approximately 9 per cent protein level is 90 and for sheep at approximately 14 percent level 74. It is concluded that white fishmeal is a good protein feed for growing sheep.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590: 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Plant proteins III. The supplementary effect amongst certain plant proteins

By means of the paired feeding method, it has been shown that the addition of cystine to lucerne significantly enhances the growth promoting properties of the latter, and that when peanutmeal is supplemented by oatmeal the resulting protein mixture is superior to that of peanutmeal alone. Nitrogen metabolism studies conducted on the same rations showed that the incorporation of •20 per cent. cystine in a lucerne ration definitely increased the biological value of lucerne, that no supplementation exists between peanutmeal and lucernemeal, and that supplementation occurs between peanutmeal and oatmeal.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Includes bibliographic referencesab201

The biological value of the proteins of maize and maize supplemented with lysine and tryptophane

1. The biological values of whole white maize and whole yellow maize are 76 ± 1.91 and 67 ± 0.98 at approximately 8 per cent. protein level. 2. The proteins of white maize are significantly better than that of yellow maize. 3. Supplementation with lysine and tryptophane separately does not increase the nitrogen utilization of yellow maize to any marked extent. 4. Supplementation with lysine and tryptophane simultaneously markedly increases the nitrogen utilization of the yellow maize protein.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The amino acid deficiencies of certain plant proteins and the supplementary effect between plant proteins as measured by means of their biological values

The supplementary effect of methionine on lucerne, lysine on oats seed, cystine and methionine on peanutmeal, cystine on linseedmeal as well as the supplementary relationship between yellow maize and lucerne and of yellow maize and soyabeans have been determined by means of their biological values. From the results obtained it is concluded: 1. That 0.2 per cent. dl-methionine increased the nitrogen utilization of the lucerne proteins by 30±1.64 per cent. 2. Cystine has no supplementary effect on peanutmeal, while methionine improves the protein to a slight extent. 3. Cystine supplementation increases the nitrogen utilization of linseedmeal by 8±2.04 per cent. 4. Lysine supplementation has no significant effect on the proteins of whole oats seed. 5. The proteins of whole yellow maize and lucerne and of whole maize and soyabeans supplement each other in a marked and significant manner.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The basal metabolism of 3 to 4 weeks old White Leghorn chickens

1. By the application of the mold method the individual surface area of 17 chickens of approximately one month of age were determined and formulae evolved for the prediction of the surface area. The value for K in the Meeh formula was found to be 11•2, while by the method of least squares a formula equivalent to S = 36•31 W ⁴⁵⁷ was obtained. 2. The basal heat production of one-month-old chickens, when expressed per square meter of body surface, was found to be 891 calories per day. If the formula of Mitchell for estimating- the surface area is applied, the basal heat production becomes 1,085 calories per day. 3. It appears that the highest basal metabolism in chickens is reached between 3½ to 4½weeks.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Includes bibliographical referencesab201

The dry matter consumption of sheep on natural grazing in the Transvaal

From a study on the dry matter consumption of sheep under natural conditions of grazing, it is evident that the quantity consumed is not a factor in the loss of weight in sheep during winter. It appears from these data that the decline in weight is specifically due to a rapid depletion of n nutritive elements from summer to winter grazing. It has further been shown that the dry matter consumption of sheep is correlated with the weight of the animals and that it can be predicted with success from the following equation DM = 56Wº·⁷⁵, where DM equals dry matter in grams and W weight in Kilograms.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format