5 research outputs found
Creating Community for Early-Career Geoscientists:Student involvement in geoscience unions: A case study from hydrology
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) and the European Geosciences Union (EGU) play central roles in nurturing the next generation of geoscientists. Students and young scientists make up about one-quarter of the unionsâ active memberships [American Geophysical Union, 2013; European Geosciences Union, 2014], creating a major opportunity to include a new generation of geoscientists as more active contributors to the organizationsâ activities, rather than merely as consumers
Imaging the pulmonary extracellular matrix
The pulmonary extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the structure and function of the lung. In many respiratory diseases the profile of the ECM reflects pathological changes. The capacity to visualize the ECM and its alterations is of considerable importance to facilitate a better understanding of pulmonary diseases and eventually augment therapeutic solutions. This short review summarizes the current and novel possibilities for imaging the pulmonary ECM by the use of computed tomography (CT), optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and molecular imaging. While not all these techniques are as yet implemented in standard clinical practice, we address their main features along with the key possibilities for the future
Flood behavior in alpine catchments examined and predicted from dominant runoff processes
Spatioâtemporal variability in contributions to low flows in the high Alpine Poschiavino catchment
In order to predict streamflow accurately during extended dry periods, we need to understand the spatial variability of low flows and the extent to which it is affected by the spatial organization and drainage of catchment subsurface storage areas. This is especially true in Alpine catchments with widely varying topography, lithology, sediment deposits, and soil properties. Field measurements in the Poschiavino catchment in southern Switzerland, during a winter recession period without recharge, provided a unique opportunity to demonstrate the connections between subsurface storage areas, low flows, and their variability. We measured discharge in four nested subâcatchments during seven field campaigns in the winter of 2013â2014. We analysed stream water electrical conductivity (EC) and water chemistry to identify the areas contributing to lowâflow discharge and estimated their contributions. Sediment cover type and thickness were mapped using a recently developed tool for geomorphologyâbased storage classification of mountainous terrain, to determine the physical properties of the subsurface storage areas contributing to lowâflow discharge. Recession analyses combined with water chemistry data allowed the detection of different drainage timescales and the estimation of storage potential of the unconsolidated (Quaternary) deposits. We found substantial spatial variation in storage depletion between the subâcatchments, ranging from 54 mm to 200 mm for the fourâmonth monitoring period. Variability in lowâflow contributions from different catchments and different recession behavior could be related to the differences in the estimated storage potential. For some point sources, we could quantify the contributing area and thus quantify low flows at the hillslope scale. Overall, the lowâflow variability is mostly related to the fraction of precipitation that recharges subsurface storage areas and to the properties influencing their drainage. To capture these processes, we suggest lowâflow geomorphological mapping approaches that consider not only morphometric (shape of the landscape) and geologic (properties of the bedrock) controls but also the water storage potential of debris cover and weathered rock