Showing Success: Student Stories on Film

In Fall 2019, we showed video interviews of successful (i.e., graduated) alumni to first-year seminar students in the hope that incoming students would be inspired to adopt similar success strategies leading to increased retention and completion of their UNLV degree. The Academic Success Center filmed interviews with ten UNLV graduates who took our first-year seminar, COLA 100E. These COLA 100E Success Stories were then edited into three videos, each focusing on a particular theme, such as the first-year transition, the major selection process, and the key tips for graduation. The goal was that these successfully-graduated students would serve as motivational role models for UNLV’s diverse first-year student population. Though the alumni echoed concepts taught in the class, we imagined these peers would be more relatable than the instructor alone, encouraging students to identify with and potentially adopt new approaches to and perspectives of success early in their college careers.https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/btp_expo/1113/thumbnail.jp

Raman Imaging in Cell Membranes, Lipid-Rich Organelles, and Lipid Bilayers

Raman-based optical imaging is a promising analytical tool for noninvasive, label-free chemical imaging of lipid bilayers and cellular membranes. Imaging using spontaneous Raman scattering suffers from a low intensity that hinders its use in some cellular applications. However, developments in coherent Raman imaging, surface-enhanced Raman imaging, and tip-enhanced Raman imaging have enabled video-rate imaging, excellent detection limits, and nanometer spatial resolution, respectively. After a brief introduction to these commonly used Raman imaging techniques for cell membrane studies, this review discusses selected applications of these modalities for chemical imaging of membrane proteins and lipids. Finally, recent developments in chemical tags for Raman imaging and their applications in the analysis of selected cell membrane components are summarized. Ongoing developments toward improving the temporal and spatial resolution of Raman imaging and small-molecule tags with strong Raman scattering cross sections continue to expand the utility of Raman imaging for diverse cell membrane studies

Development of a scanning angle total internal reflection Raman spectrometer

A scanning angle total internal reflection (SATIR) Raman spectrometer has been developed for measuring interfacial phenomena with chemical specificity and high axial resolution perpendicular to the interface. The instrument platform is an inverted optical microscope with added automated variable angle optics to control the angle of an incident laser on a prism/sample interface. These optics include two motorized translation stages, the first containing a focusing lens and the second a variable angle galvanometer mirror. The movement of all instrument components is coordinated to ensure that the same sample location and area are probed at each angle. At angles greater than the critical angle, an evanescent wave capable of producing Raman scatter is generated in the sample. The Raman scatter is collected by a microscope objective and directed to a dispersive spectrometer and charge-coupled device detector. In addition to the collected Raman scatter, light reflected from the prism/sample interface is collected to provide calibration parameters that enable modeling the distance over which the Raman scatter is collected for depth profiling measurements. The developed instrument has an incident angle range of 25.5°–75.5°, with a 0.05° angle resolution. Raman scatter can be collected from a ZnSe/organic interface over a range of roughly 35–180 nm. Far from the critical angle, the achieved axial resolution perpendicular to the focal plane is approximately 34 nm. This is roughly a 30-fold improvement relative to confocal Raman microscopy

Diaphanous-1 affects the nanoscale clustering and lateral diffusion of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE)

The interactions between the cytoplasmic protein diaphanous-1 (Diaph1) and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) drive the negative consequences of RAGE signaling in several disease processes. Reported in this work is how Diaph1 affects the nanoscale clustering and diffusion of RAGE measured using super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) and single particle tracking (SPT). Altering the Diaph1 binding site has a different impact on RAGE diffusion compared to when Diaph1 expression is reduced in HEK293 cells. In cells with reduced Diaph1 expression (RAGE-Diaph1−/−), the average RAGE diffusion coefficient is increased by 35%. RAGE diffusion is known to be influenced by the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. Actin labeling shows that a reduced Diaph1 expression leads to cells with reduced filopodia density and length. In contrast, when two RAGE amino acids that interact with Diaph1 are mutated (RAGERQ/AA), the average RAGE diffusion coefficient is decreased by 16%. Since RAGE diffusion is slowed when the interaction between Diaph1 and RAGE is disrupted, the interaction of the two proteins results in faster RAGE diffusion. In both RAGERQ/AA and RAGE-Diaph1−/− cells the number and size of RAGE clusters are decreased compared to cells expressing RAGE and native concentrations of Diaph1. This work shows that Diaph1 has a role in affecting RAGE clusters and diffusion

Paediatric neuropsychological assessment: an analysis of parents' perspectives

Purpose: Modern healthcare services are commonly based on shared models of care, in which a strong emphasis is placed upon the views of those in receipt of services. The purpose of this paper is to examine the parents' experiences of their child's neuropsychological assessment. Design/methodology/approach: This was a mixed-methodology study employing both quantitative and qualitative measures. Findings: The questionnaire measure indicated a high overall level of satisfaction. Qualitative analysis of parental interviews provided a richer insight into the parental experience and indicated four major themes. Practical implications: Implications covered three major areas. Firstly, whilst a high value was placed upon the assessment, the need for further comprehensive neurorehabilitation and intervention was highlighted. Secondly, this study highlights the significant adversity experienced by such families and subsequent unmet psychological needs which also require consideration. Finally, findings from the current study could assist in improving future measures of satisfaction in similar services. Originality/value: This is the first published study of parental experiences of and satisfaction with paediatric neuropsychological assessment in the UK. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Extracting interface locations in multilayer polymer waveguide films using scanning angle Raman spectroscopy

There is an increasing demand for nondestructive in situ techniques that measure chemical content, total thickness, and interface locations for multilayer polymer films, and scanning angle (SA) Raman spectroscopy in combination with appropriate data models can provide this information. A SA Raman spectroscopy method was developed to measure the chemical composition of multilayer polymer waveguide films and to extract the location of buried interfaces between polymer layers with 7- to 80-nm axial spatial resolution. The SA Raman method acquires Raman spectra as the incident angle of light upon a prism-coupled thin film is scanned. Six multilayer films consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) were prepared with total thicknesses ranging from 330 to 1,260 nm. The interface locations were varied by altering the individual layer thicknesses between 140 and 680 nm. The Raman amplitude ratio of the 1,605-cm−1 peak for polystyrene and 812-cm−1 peak for poly(methyl methacrylate) was used in calculations of the electric field intensity within the polymer layers to model the SA Raman data and extract the total thickness and interface locations. There is an average 8% and 7% difference in the measured thickness between the SA Raman and profilometry measurements for bilayer and trilayer films, respectively