Measuring the Consequences of Rules: Holly M. Smith

Recently two distinct forms of rule-utilitarianism have been introduced that differ on how to measure the consequences of rules. Brad Hooker advocates fixed-rate rule-utilitarianism, while Michael Ridge advocates variable-rate rule-utilitarianism. I argue that both of these are inferior to a new proposal, optimum-rate rule-utilitarianism. According to optimum-rate rule-utilitarianism, an ideal code is the code whose optimum acceptance level is no lower than that of any alternative code. I then argue that all three forms of rule-utilitarianism fall prey to two fatal problems that leave us without any viable form of rule-utilitarianism

Long Run Macroeconomic Relations in the Global Economy

This paper focuses on testing long run macroeconomic relations for interest rates, equity, prices and exchange rates within a model of the global economy. It considers a number of plausible long run relationships suggested by arbitrage in financial and goods markets, and uses the global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model in Dees, di Mauro, Peseran and Smith (2007) to test for long run restrictions in each country/region conditioning on the rest of the world. Bootstrapping is used to compute both the empirical distribution of the impulse responses and log-likelihood ratio statistic for over-identifying restrictions. The paper also examines the speed with which adjustments to the long tun relations take place via the persistence profiles. We find strong evidence in favour of the uncovered interest parity and to a lesser extent the Fisher equation across a number of countries, but our results for the PPP are much weaker. Also as to be expected, the transmission of shocks and subsequent adjustments in financial markets are much faster than those in goods markets

Long Run Macroeconomic Relations in the Global Economy

This paper focuses on testing long run macroeconomic relations for interest rates, equity, prices and exchange rates within a model of the global economy. It considers a number of plausible long run relationships suggested by arbitrage in financial and goods markets, and uses the global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model developed in Dees, di Mauro, Pesaran and Smith (2007) to test for long run restrictions in each country/region conditioning on the rest of the world. Bootstrapping is used to compute both the empirical distribution of the impulse responses and the log-likelihood ratio statistic for over-identifying restrictions. The paper also examines the speed with which adjustments to the long run relations take place via the persistence profiles. We find strong evidence in favour of the uncovered interest parity and to a lesser extent the Fisher equation across a number of countries, but our results for the PPP are much weaker. Also as to be expected, the transmission of shocks and subsequent adjustments in financial markets are much faster than those in goods markets.Global VAR, interdependencies, Fisher relationship, Uncovered Interest Rate Parity, Purchasing Power Parity, persistence profile, error variance decomposition

Eruption Sequence Similarities in the Maxilla and Mandible

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68195/2/10.1177_00220345800590092501.pd

A Mandibular-maxillary Precedence Field in Tooth Eruption

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68078/2/10.1177_00220345800590091801.pd

Developmental Communalities in Tooth Emergence Timing

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67014/2/10.1177_00220345800590072501.pd

The Effect of Sample Size on Crown Size Asymmetry

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66500/2/10.1177_00220345790580101301.pd

The Effect of Instructor-Produced Videos as Supplemental Material for Training Visual Screening Procedures in Occupational Therapy Education

The aim of this study was to explore student perceptions of instructor-produced videos to enhance knowledge, self-efficacy, and clinical skill with administering visual screening procedures. The video library, hosted by Vimeo™, consisted of 26 videos, with an average video duration less than 90 seconds. The videos were made available to occupational therapy students as supplemental material. Three focus groups consisting of 23 participants captured students’ perceived value of instructor-produced videos to enrich their learning. Three categories emerged from the data analysis including clinical application, learning preferences, and elements of video production. Students commented on how the videos positively influenced their ability to perform visual screening procedures, confidence with screening procedure administration and reasoning skills when evaluating client performance during visual screens. Students expressed how the videos appealed to their learning style (visual/kinesthetic). Also, they reported how the videos allowed them control over the pace of information delivery, the frequency of content delivery, and the environment in which they viewed the content. Students discussed elements of video production that enhanced their learning including actor characteristics and video use pragmatics

Self-selecting peer groups formed within the laboratory environment have a lasting effect on individual student attainment and working practices.

Within the present study, we investigate the lasting effect of laboratory peer group interactions on the end of year attainment of bioscience and chemistry students. By asking students to identify who they primarily work with within the laboratory environment and evaluating the interactions through cluster analysis, we identified two main categories of laboratory peer groups. The first long-lived well-established pairings of two students, "swans", who work together for all or the majority of the laboratory sessions and the second dynamic fluid groups, "dolphins", of between three to nine students who work with each other interchangeably. Statistical analysis is presented, which demonstrates that individuals within each lab peer group were likely to achieve a similar average mark at the end of the first year of study on the course. We identified the driving factors for the formation of these groups as friendship and perceived work ethic. There is a preference for high achieving students to work with other high achieving students and lower-achieving to group around a shared social background. Targeted interventions, in which pairings were selected by the tutor at the onset of the study, altered the ratio from long-lived pairs to more dynamic groups and increased students willingness to work with others outside of their group but did not change the drivers of group formation or resulting pattern of achievement. We conclude with recommendations around group working within the laboratory environment