Convective Drying at Fish Chips Technology

The article presents the overview of the main technological processes in fish structured products dehydration. The rational modes of the technological process of minced fish raw materials with various initial moisture and fat content heat treatment are determined. One of the main tasks of the fish processing industry development which allows increasing the profitability of products and their quality is improving technological processes. The scientifically substantiated choice of resource and energy-saving modes of processing food materials is highly important in this case. It will reduce not only production costs but also emissions of harmful substances into the environment and increase the efficiency of using equipment. It must be taken into consideration that the optimization of dehydration technological processes without identifying their patterns is extremely difficult. Increasing efficiency and controlling technological processes makes sense only on the basis of patterns. The effectiveness of the hydrobionts processing determines the quality and cost of finished products manufacturing while fish processing enterprises working. The development and implementation of highly efficient technologies with the use of resource-saving technical systems, for example, using heat pumps, makes it possible to produce cost-effective high-quality products

Time Attitudes in Contemporary Men and Women

Introduction. This paper investigates predictors of time attitudes in men and women aged 25–45 years. A theoretical analysis concentrates on the concept of time in the context of classical, non-classical, and post-non-classical ideals of rationality. In the process of individuals’ interaction with objects, time is born as a qualitatively new reality that is reducible neither to the subjective nor to the objective perspective. The psychological category of time is interpreted within the framework of post-non-classical approach that is capable of solving that contradiction. Methods. The survey method was employed in the study for data collection. Mathematical and statistical analyses included Student’s t-test for independent samples and step-wise regression analysis. Results. The transspective analysis of the problem of time in psychology enabled authors to describe its dynamics at classical, non-classical, and post-non-classical stages. The study examined time attitudes in men and women and determined their predictors in the context of gender differences. Discussion. This is the first study that examines the predictors of time attitudes in men and women. Its original findings suggest that there is a dependency between time attitudes and parameters of personal and subjective functioning, including self-actualization, psychological well-being, coping strategies, and psychological defenses. Not so much certain values, as the subsystems of values belonging to various aspects of life (family, hobby, profession, household, etc.) participate in the formation process of time attitudes in men and women. Personal values determine the specific character of regulation of the time of life in women and men. Coping strategies are important for personal organization of time. The study showed the differences in interrelationships between value choices and time attitudes in men and women

Liquid phase fabrication technology of layered Ti/Al composite.

In this paper, influence of technological parameters of liquid-phase producing of Ti/Al layered composite on its microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, bend and tensile strength measurement. The results of microscopic studies show that the increasing of the gap between the titanium plates, holding time and melt temperature don`t affect significantly on the thickness of intermetallics that formed on Ti/Al interface. Bending test results demonstrate good adhesion and high-quality metallurgical bonding between titanium and aluminium. Tensile strength tests identify increasing of the gap from 1 to 1.5 mm having allowed manufacturing a lightweight material with acceptable mechanical properties

Joint attention at preschool age

The article deals with the functions of joint attention with regard to ontogenetic development of arbitrariness and social coordination of group activity of preschool children. It is shown that the concepts of joint attention cover much more than just “visual joint attention” and require to consider of other forms of manifestations of mutual participation in joint activities. The manifestation of joint attention on the part of children themselves without the participation of adults is studied in the article. Response and initiation of joint attention are considered not only in the adult-child dyads, but also in a larger group of preschool children. The study involved 157 preschool children, who were organized during the experiment in subgroups to jointly solve problem situations. It is proved that in the structure of the regulation of joint activity different forms of manifestation of joint attention provide an afferent synthesis of the conditions of activity, facilitates the analysis of internal and external conditions of joint activity, the development of a program of conscientious activity

Life prospects of the unemployed: invariant and variable components in the prism of the last decade (2009-2018)

The article discusses the results of a comparison of the content and structure of life prospects of the unemployed men and women surveyed in 2009 and 2018. The study showed the specificity of the relationship of the socio-cultural context of a person’s life and his/her life prospects. The invariant and variable components of the life prospects of the unemployed are revealed. Over the past ten years, a pessimistic and contradictory view of the future, a temporary orientation to a negative past and a fatalistic present, a weak eventful and targeted saturation of the future, lack of long-term planning, the existence of a conflict of time settings are invariant, which, in many respects, is a reflection of the difficulty of experiencing the absence of work. Along with the stable characteristics, transformations of the content of life planning in a situation of lack of work are revealed. The assessment of the life prospects of the unemployed, who tend to see the future as swift and useful, turned out to be varied

Youth personal identity as a factor in the formation of a time perspective

The article presents the results of a study of the personal identity of modern youth as a predictor of the formation of a time perspective. It is shown that in accordance with the nature of the structural organization of personal identity, the time perspective has its own characteristics. Young people with a consistent structural organization of personal identity are focused on a positive past, planning for the future, getting pleasure and enjoyment from life. In the case of a mismatched structural organization of personal identity, young people tend to negatively and pessimistly assess the events of their own past, as well as life in general, as not sufficiently pleasurable, a fatalistic attitude to life prevails, which is expressed in helplessness, hopelessness, lack of purposefulness, leading to a low satisfaction with life in the present and a desire to avoid planning for the future

Youth personal identity as a factor in the formation of a time perspective

The article presents the results of a study of the personal identity of modern youth as a predictor of the formation of a time perspective. It is shown that in accordance with the nature of the structural organization of personal identity, the time perspective has its own characteristics. Young people with a consistent structural organization of personal identity are focused on a positive past, planning for the future, getting pleasure and enjoyment from life. In the case of a mismatched structural organization of personal identity, young people tend to negatively and pessimistly assess the events of their own past, as well as life in general, as not sufficiently pleasurable, a fatalistic attitude to life prevails, which is expressed in helplessness, hopelessness, lack of purposefulness, leading to a low satisfaction with life in the present and a desire to avoid planning for the future

Чувствительность к ориентирующему значению направления взгляда партнера у дошкольников с задержкой психического развития

Introduction. The relevance of the study of communication between the mechanism of joint attention and the subsequent normal and abnormal development of the child has been substantiated. It has been shown that a child’s ability to initiate and react to a joint attention of an ontogenetically precedes emergence of social and cognitive abilities. It has been determined a role of the joint attention in the child\u27s ability o integrate information on himself, on other person and ability to unite his own intentions and other person\u27s intentions. The problem of need for solution to a question of how the cognitive development pf the child interferes with development of social experience of the child has been raised. Methods. Sample group was made by 514 children of preschool age, including the children with developmental disorders which characteristic of different forms of mental retardation. In the section there are descriptions of some techniques: 1. “Wrong opinion test”, “Sally-Ann”; the task “What does Charlie want?”, etc. for assessment of children\u27s understanding of intentions, desires, the interests of others according to behavioural manifestations. 2. The developed task for assessment of ability of using the gaze direction of the character on the picture for the purpose of determination of its intentions. 3. Neuropsychological tests for a research of the block of reception and processing of information. Results. Potential mechanisms of integration disorder of the joint attention, decrease in recognition of the focusing value of the gaze are revealed. The variability of formation and age changes of joint attention skills, to be exact, existence of differences in recognition, synthesis and interpretation of the focusing social information proceeding from eye contact is shown. It is revealed that children with a developmental delay have a low level of the "descending" joint attention. The parallelism of early deficiency of joint attention and difficulties of processing of information is revealed. Discussion. The data display synchronism of cognitive development and formation of the mechanism of the joint attention. The conclusion is drawn that difficulties of integrative function of processing of social information can be combined with difficulties of synthesis of separate information signs in a Gestalt, complex information fusion, subject and symbolical orientation in space.Введение. Обоснована актуальность исследования связи между механизмом совместного внимания и последующего нормативного и атипичного развития ребенка. Показано, что способность ребенка инициировать и реагировать на совместное внимание онтогенетически предшествует возникновению социальных и когнитивных способностей. Определена роль совместного внимания в способности ребенка интегрировать информацию о себе, другом человеке и способности объединять свои намерения и намерения другого человека. Поставлен вопрос о необходимости решения вопроса о том, каким образом когнитивное развитие ребенка препятствует развитию социального опыта ребенка. Методы. Выборку составили 514 детей дошкольного возраста, в том числе дети, имеющие нарушения развития, характерные для разных форм задержки психического развития. В разделе описываются методики: 1. «Тест на ошибочное мнение» «Салли-Энн»; задача «Что хочет Чарли?» и др. для оценки понимания детьми намерений, желаний, интересов других по поведенческим проявлениям. 2. Разработанное задание для оценки способности использования направления взгляда персонажа на картинке с целью определения его намерений. 3. Нейропсихологические пробы для исследования блока приема и переработки информации. Результаты. Раскрыты потенциальные механизмы нарушения интеграции совместного внимания, снижения распознавания ориентирующего значения взгляда. Показана вариативность становления и возрастных изменений навыков совместного внимания, а точнее, наличие различий в распознавании, синтезе и интерпретации ориентирующей социальной информации, исходящей из глазного контакта. Обнаружено, что у детей с задержкой психического развития низкий уровень «нисходящего» совместного внимания. Выявлена параллельность раннего дефицита совместного внимания и трудностей переработки информации. Обсуждение результатов. Данные отображают синхронность когнитивного развития и формирования механизма совместного внимания. Делается вывод, что трудности интегративной функции переработки социальной информации могут сочетаться с трудностями синтеза отдельных информационных признаков в целостный образ, комплексного синтеза информации, предметной и символической ориентировки в пространстве

Специфика глазодвигательной активности у детей с нарушением слуха в процессе самостоятельного и совместного со взрослым выполнения обучающего задания

Abstract: Introduction. The transitional status of a sample of children with hearing impairment after cochlear implantation expands the possibilities of studying the consequences of violations of individual sensory systems affecting the joint attention deficit. The method of registering eye movement has advantages in studying the difficulties of learning processes in children with hearing impairment. The novelty of the study lies in the synchronous tracking of eye movements with superimposed gaze paths of two experimental participants (an adult and a child with hearing impairment) in a learning situation and the use of a time marker of simultaneous fixations as an indicator of joint attention. Based on the data of oculomotor activity during the independent and synchronous performance of an educational task with an adult, the specifics of visual attention that hinder the learning of children with hearing impairment can be identified. Methods. Study sample: 16 preschoolers with hearing impairment (sensorineural hearing loss, class H90 according to ICD-11) and 16 typically developing children. Experimental situations of independent and synchronous performance of an educational task with an adult are involved. The leading method was to register eye movement with a portable PLabs eye tracker. Results. When performing a task synchronously with an adult in oculomotor activity in children with hearing impairment, the number of fixations indicating constant joint attention increases (from 300 milliseconds), there is greater relevance of fixations and an increase in the duration of maintaining visual attention to educational samples, as a result, a decrease in errors. Compared to typically developing children, the speed of information processing and the allocation of targeted stimuli changes in children with hearing impairment. Discussion. In episodes of joint attention in a learning situation, the synchronicity of interaction between a child with hearing impairment and an adult is achieved through fixations lasting from 300–500 and above 500 milliseconds (ms). However, the ability to maintain this joint attention in children with hearing impairment is less than in typically developing peers.Введение. Переходный статус выборки детей с нарушением слуха после кохлеарной имплантации расширяет возможности изучения последствий нарушения отдельных сенсорных систем, влияющих на дефицит совместного внимания. Метод регистрации движения глаз имеет преимущества для изучения трудностей процессов обучения детей с нарушением слуха. Новизна исследования заключается в синхронном отслеживании движений глаз с наложенными путями взгляда двух участников эксперимента (взрослого и ребёнка с нарушением слуха) в ситуации обучения и использовании маркера времени одновременных фиксаций как показателя совместного внимания. На основании данных глазодвигательной активности при самостоятельном и синхронном со взрослым выполнении учебного задания может быть выделена специфика визуального внимания, препятствующие обучению детей с нарушением слуха. Методы. Выборка исследования: 16 дошкольников с нарушением слуха (сенсоневральной тугоухостью, класс H90 по МКБ-11) и 16 типично развивающихся детей. Задействованы экспериментальные ситуации самостоятельного и синхронного выполнения со взрослым учебного задания. Основным методом стал метод регистрации движения глаз портативным айтрекером PLabs. Результаты. В глазодвигательной активности у детей с нарушением слуха при синхронном со взрослым выполнении задания увеличивается количество фиксаций, свидетельствующих о постоянном совместном внимании (от 300 миллисекунд), наблюдаются большая релевантность фиксаций и увеличение продолжительности поддержания визуального внимания к учебным образцам, в результате – снижение ошибок. В сравнении с типично развивающимися детьми, у детей с нарушением слуха меняется скорость обработки информации и выделения целевых стимулов. Обсуждение результатов. В эпизодах совместного внимания в ситуации обучения синхронность взаимодействия ребенка с нарушением слуха и взрослого достигается за счет фиксаций длительностью от 300–500 и выше 500 миллисекунд (мс). Однако способность поддерживать такое совместное внимание у детей с нарушением слуха ниже, чем у типично развивающихся сверстников

Study of the influence of barley varieties with different resistance to barley net blotch on the change in the structure of the hemibiotrophic pathogen population by morphological and cultural characteristics and virulence

The study is devoted to the analysis of the correlation of morphological and cultural characteristics and virulence of Pyrenophora teres Drechs. isolates, and various resistance to the pathogen of barley varieties (Versal, Kubagro-1, Romance). The main morphological types of colonies of the fungus isolates obtained from the barley varieties with different resistance were determined. It was found that the higher degree of resistance of the variety, the faster growth rate of colonies, the intensity of sporulation and heterogeneity of the population on the basis of virulence increase. The most common races were detected in the populations of P. teres isolated from different varieties of barley. We found that the selection for the virulence of the pathogen population in Versal variety with a high level of non-specific resistance was carried out with a wider spectrum of diversity