Explanation of the Normal Winter Anomaly from the Seasonal Variation of Short Wave Absorption

The frequency dependence of the winter anomaly (WA) of radio wave absorption indicates the altitude range where the considered seasonal variation of absorption, L, takes place: 75-95 km. In this height region considerable seasonal variations of ionic composition and effective recombination coefficient, alpha sub e, exist, which can cause seasonal variations of electron concentration, N, and absorption, L. An attempt to render a qualitative estimation of the normal WA, i.e., the increased ratio of winter over summer absorption, L sub w/L sub s, at medium latitudes 40 deg and 50 deg, for solar zenith angles CHi = 60 deg and 75 deg is made. This is compared with existing experimental data

Economic Security of the Russian Construction Complex

The issues of economic security are becoming increasingly relevant due to highly controversial trends in the modern world. The article examines the basic economic characteristics of the construction complex, revealing potential threats and risks to its development. The authors suggest recommendations on improving the economic security of the construction complex. The paper discusses the methodology for assessing economic security. By critical generalization, the model of a comprehensive assessment of the economic security of the construction sector is scientifically substantiated. Empirical testing was carried out according to the consolidated financial statements of Russia’s construction sector. Based on the correlation analysis, the hypothesis on the existing relationship between the ratios of profitability, use of production facilities, use of labor resources, use of borrowed funds and the level of economic security of enterprises has been verified. The study proves that a competently built system for ensuring economic security using existing or built corporate resources can create the necessary conditions for achieving business goals and maximizing profit

Even harmonic generation in isotropic media of dissociating homonuclear molecules

Isotropic gases irradiated by long pulses of intense IR light can generate very high harmonics of the incident field. It is generally accepted that, due to the symmetry of the generating medium, be it an atomic or an isotropic molecular gas, only odd harmonics of the driving field can be produced. Here we show how the interplay of electronic and nuclear dynamics can lead to a marked breakdown of this standard picture: a substantial part of the harmonic spectrum can consist of even rather than odd harmonics. We demonstrate the effect using ab-initio solutions of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for $H$$_2$$^+$ and its isotopes in full dimensionality. By means of a simple analytical model, we identify its physical origin, which is the appearance of a permanent dipole moment in dissociating homonuclear molecules, caused by light-induced localization of the electric charge during dissociation. The effect arises for sufficiently long laser pulses and the region of the spectrum where even harmonics are produced is controlled by pulse duration. Our results (i) show how the interplay of femtosecond nuclear and attosecond electronic dynamics, which affects the charge flow inside the dissociating molecule, is reflected in the nonlinear response, and (ii) force one to augment standard selection rules found in nonlinear optics textbooks by considering light-induced modifications of the medium during the generation process.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Modelling Interregional Cooperation in the Real Sector of the Russian Economy

oai:ojs2.amazoniainvestiga.info:article/15The article substantiates the relevance of spatial development for Russian regions. The authors emphasize the importance of industrial cooperation for socio-economic and industrial development. The paper describes an empirical study of interregional relations of 10 subjects of Russia within the Ural and Volga Federal Districts, previously called the “Big Ural”. The article reveals the potential for interregional interaction using the spatial econometrics method. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that the most durable and effective interregional industrial cooperation is achieved with a cluster system of cooperation. The study shows that the development of interregional cooperation in a real economy requires the development of a unified economic policy based on the regions' competitive advantages.En el artículo se justifica la actualidad de los problemas del desarrollo espacial de las subdivisiones de Rusia. Se indicada la importancia de la cooperación productiva para el desarrollo social y económico e industrial. Los vínculos interregionales de 10 subdivisiones de Rusia que forman parte de los distritos federales de Ural y Volga, anteriormente llamados “Gran Ural”, se investigan empíricamente. En base del método de econometría espacial, el artículo identifica las capacidades de interacción de las regiones. Los resultados permiten concluir que la interacción interregional más eficaz y a largo plazo en el contexto de la industria se logra mediante el sistema de cooperación en conglomerados. El estudio muestra que para el desarrollo de la interacción interregional en el sector real de la economía es necesario desarrollar una política económica unificada que tenga en cuenta las ventajas competitivas comparativas de las regiones.В статье обоснована актуальность проблем пространственного развития субъектов России. Отмечена значимость производственной кооперации для социально-экономического и промышленного развития. Эмпирически исследованы межрегиональные связи 10 субъектов России, входящих в Уральский и Приволжский федеральные округа, ранее называемые “Большой Урал”. На основе метода пространственной эконометрики в статье выявлены возможности взаимодействия регионов. Полученные результаты позволяют сделать вывод, что наиболее долгосрочное и эффективное межрегиональное взаимодействие в области промышленности достигается при кластерной системе кооперации. В исследовании показано, что для развития межрегионального взаимодействие в реальном секторе экономики необходима разработка единой экономической политики, учитывающая сравнительные конкурентные преимущества регионов

The High A(V) Quasar Survey: Reddened quasi-stellar objects selected from optical/near-infrared photometry - II

Quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) whose spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are reddened by dust either in their host galaxies or in intervening absorber galaxies are to a large degree missed by optical color selection criteria like the one used by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). To overcome this bias against red QSOs, we employ a combined optical and near-infrared color selection. In this paper, we present a spectroscopic follow-up campaign of a sample of red candidate QSOs which were selected from the SDSS and the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS). The spectroscopic data and SDSS/UKIDSS photometry are supplemented by mid-infrared photometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. In our sample of 159 candidates, 154 (97%) are confirmed to be QSOs. We use a statistical algorithm to identify sightlines with plausible intervening absorption systems and identify nine such cases assuming dust in the absorber similar to Large Magellanic Cloud sightlines. We find absorption systems toward 30 QSOs, 2 of which are consistent with the best-fit absorber redshift from the statistical modeling. Furthermore, we observe a broad range in SED properties of the QSOs as probed by the rest-frame 2 {\mu}m flux. We find QSOs with a strong excess as well as QSOs with a large deficit at rest-frame 2 {\mu}m relative to a QSO template. Potential solutions to these discrepancies are discussed. Overall, our study demonstrates the high efficiency of the optical/near-infrared selection of red QSOs.Comment: 64 pages, 18 figures, 16 pages of tables. Accepted to ApJ

The immunoregulatory and allergy-associated cytokines in the aetiology of the otitis media with effusion.

Inflammation in the middle ear mucosa, which can be provoked by different primary factors such as bacterial and viral infection, local allergic reactions and reflux, is the crucial event in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME). Unresolved acute inflammatory responses or defective immunoregulation of middle inflammation can promote chronic inflammatory processes and stimulate the chronic condition of OME. Cytokines are the central molecular regulators of middle ear inflammation and can switch the acute phase of inflammation in the chronic stage and induce molecular-pathological processes leading to the histopathological changes accompanying OME. In this review we present cytokines identified in otitis media, immunoregulatory [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, transforming growth factor-beta]) and allergy associated (IL-4, IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), as crucial molecular regulators, responsible for chronic inflammation in the middle ear and the chronic condition of OME

Phase and Intensity Distributions of Individual Pulses of PSR B0950+08

The distribution of the intensities of individual pulses of PSR B0950+08 as a function of the longitudes at which they appear is analyzed. The flux density of the pulsar at 111 MHz varies strongly from day to day (by up to a factor of 13) due to the passage of the radiation through the interstellar plasma (interstellar scintillation). The intensities of individual pulses can exceed the amplitude of the mean pulse profile, obtained by accumulating 770 pulses, by more than an order of magnitude. The intensity distribution along the mean profile is very different for weak and strong pulses. The differential distribution function for the intensities is a power law with index n = -1.1 +- 0.06 up to peak flux densities for individual pulses of the order of 160 Jy

The NorduGrid architecture and tools

The NorduGrid project designed a Grid architecture with the primary goal to meet the requirements of production tasks of the LHC experiments. While it is meant to be a rather generic Grid system, it puts emphasis on batch processing suitable for problems encountered in High Energy Physics. The NorduGrid architecture implementation uses the \globus{} as the foundation for various components, developed by the project. While introducing new services, the NorduGrid does not modify the Globus tools, such that the two can eventually co-exist. The NorduGrid topology is decentralized, avoiding a single point of failure. The NorduGrid architecture is thus a light-weight, non-invasive and dynamic one, while robust and scalable, capable of meeting most challenging tasks of High Energy Physics.Comment: Talk from the 2003 Computing in High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics (CHEP03), La Jolla, Ca, USA, March 2003, 9 pages,LaTeX, 4 figures. PSN MOAT00

Convergent and oscillatory solutions in infinite-dimensional synchronization systems

Control systems that arise in phase synchronization problems are featured by infinite sets of stable and unstable equilibria, caused by presence of periodic nonlinearities. For this reason, such systems are often called “pendulum-like”. Their dynamics are thus featured by multi-stability and cannot be examined by classical methods that have been developed to test the lobal stability of a unique equilibrium point. In general, only sufficient conditions for the solution convergence are known that are usually derived for pendulum-like systems of Lurie type, that is, interconnections of stable LTI blocks and periodic nonlinearities, which obey sector or slope restrictions. Most typically, these conditions are written as multi-parametric frequency-domain inequalities, which should be satisfied by the transfer function of the system’s linear part. Remarkably, if the frequencydomain inequalities hold outside some bounded range of frequencies, then the absence of periodic solutions with frequencies in this range is guaranteed, which can be considered as a weaker asymptotical property. It should be noticed that validation of the frequency domain stability condition for a given structure of the known linear part of the system is a self-standing nontrivial problem. In this paper, we demonstrate that a previously derived frequency-domain conditions for stability and absence of oscillations can be substantially simplified, parameters ensuring the corresponding asymptotic property. We demonstrate the efficiency of new criteria on specific synchronization systems