Theoretical background of the restoring of the crankshaft necks by ferromagnetic materials welding

When developing the technological process of cast iron crankshaft restoring, it is necessary to obtain a martensitic structure in the pad weld in order to ensure the wear resistance needed. To form the martensitic structure the cooling rate after padding must be at least 80 - 90 0°C / s. The helical surface welding does not lead to such a result, so in our research we use the welding according to the width of the shaft neck. We also examined the heat release from the pad weld and its cooling rate. For its implementation, the necessary calculations were made according to a compiled program in the QBASIC language. On the basis of these provisions, the theoretic background is proposed for the possibility of the wide-ringed welding of crankshaft necks, which ensures a minimal change in the structure and geometry of the crankshafts

Theoretical background of the restoring of the crankshaft necks by ferromagnetic materials welding

When developing the technological process of cast iron crankshaft restoring, it is necessary to obtain a martensitic structure in the pad weld in order to ensure the wear resistance needed. To form the martensitic structure the cooling rate after padding must be at least 80 - 90 0°C / s. The helical surface welding does not lead to such a result, so in our research we use the welding according to the width of the shaft neck. We also examined the heat release from the pad weld and its cooling rate. For its implementation, the necessary calculations were made according to a compiled program in the QBASIC language. On the basis of these provisions, the theoretic background is proposed for the possibility of the wide-ringed welding of crankshaft necks, which ensures a minimal change in the structure and geometry of the crankshafts

Epidemiological and Economic Evaluation of a Pilot Prostate Cancer Screening Program

Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer, and the sixth most common killer among men worldwide (Aubry et al., 2013). This research was motivated by the fact that PCa screening continues to be a controversial topic in the Kazakh medical community. This study aimed at description of how newly diagnosed PCa patients are managed in Pavlodar region of the Kazakhstan Republic and at presentation of a budget impact analysis (BIA) for PCa screening program. Also, we aimed to provide a comparative analysis of pricing system on medical services applied in both private and public healthcare sectors of the Kazakhstan Republic. Methods. New cases of PCa have been retrospectively analyzed for the period from January 2013 to December 2017 based on the information obtained from information system "Policlinic" maintained by the Pavlodar regional branch of the Republican Center for Electronic Health and from Cancer Registry of Pavlodar Regional Oncology Center. All data were analyzed with the help of SPSS 20.0 software. Results. The mean age of PCa patients was 68.34 years (SD = 8.559). The government of Kazakhstan invested 20,437,000 KZT (Kazakhstani tenge) in 2017 equivalently 61,188 USD - to fund a pilot study for examination of 9638 men. From 2013 to 2017, out of 49,334 men residing in Pavlodar region of Kazakhstan 1,248 men were diagnosed with prostate diseases, including 130 PCa cases. The PCa detection rate was equal to two cases per month. Only 22.8% of all PCa cases identified in the region within specified time period were revealed as a result of the government-funded PCa screening program. The average prostate cancer detection rate among the target group of Pavlodar region within the period of 5 years was equal to 0.23%. Conclusion. Based on the fact that the PCa screening program failed to enable adequate detection of new PCa cases, we would not recommend to continue this type of screening unless it is undergone careful revision and replanning