Probiotici i lekovito bilje u uzgoju šarana (cyprinus carpio l.) u zemljanim bazenima - uticaj na prirast ribe, zdravlje i proizvodne rezultate

The aim of the paper is to present the results of feeding carp with traditional grain diet (triticale + wheat) supplemented with probiotics and/or herbs. As probiotics, the EmFarma concentrate, provided by ProBiotics Polska, Poland,was used. This preparation contains consortia of the following microbial bacteria and fungi: Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus diacetylactis, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bacillus subtilis var natto, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. The concentrate of probiotic microorganisms was added to the ground corn in an amount of 2 liters of preparation per 1 ton of feed. Prior to adding to the feedstuff, the probiotics were diluted in water. The amount of added water was approximately 10% of feed weight. After mixing probiotics with corn, the feed was left for two hours for swelling. The composition of herbs consisted of powdered Terminalia chebula, Phyllantus emblica, Andrographis paniculata, Tinospora cordifolia and Boerhaavia difusa. The herbal preparation was obtained from the Farmwet company, Poland. The blend of herbs was added in the amount of 3 kg per ton of ground corn feed. The powdered herbs were mixed with grinded corn, moistened with water amounting to approximately 10% of feed dose and left for two hours for swelling. Six feeding groups were examined: - I - natural food only (control group) - II - ground mix of corn - III - ground mix of corn supplemented with probiotics - IV - ground mix of corn supplemented with herbs - V - ground mix of corn supplemented with probiotics and herb - VI - pelleted feed Aller Aqua (referential group) Experimental diets were used for feeding carp fingerlings (C1), two-year restocking material (C2) and consumable carps (C3). Stocking densities of carp, were as follows: - for C1– 20000 ind./ha - for C2– 5000 ind./ha - for C3–1500 ind./ha The following parameters were measured and analyzed: - final body mass (g/ind.) - yield (kg/ha) - survival rate (S) - FCR (kg) - Fulton’s coefficient (F) - number of parasites (Trichodina–Trich., Chilodonella–Chil., Epistylis–Epist., Costia,) - level of lisozyme (mg/l) - level of gamma globulins (g/l)Cilj ovog rada je da prikaže rezultate ishrane šarana tradicionalnom smešom žitarica (tritikale + pšenica) sa dodatkom probiotika i/ili lekovitog bilja. Kao probiotik korišćen je koncentrat EmFarma, koji je obezbedio "ProBiotics Polska" iz Poljske. Ova smesa sadrži skup sledećih mikroorganizama, bakterija i gljivica: Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus diacetylactis, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bacillus subtilis var natto, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Koncentrat probiotskih mikroorganizama dodat je u mleveni kukuruz u količini od 2 litra preparata na 1 tonu hraniva. Pre dodavanja hranivima probiotski preparat je razređen u vodi. Količina dodate vode bila je oko 10% od težine hrane. Posle mešanja probiotika sa kukuruzom, hranivo je ostavljeno dva sata da nabubri. Lekovito bilje sastojalo se od praha Terminalia chebula, Phyllantus emblica, Andrographis paniculata, Tinospora cordifolia i Boerhaavia difusa. Biljni preparat dobijen je od kompanije Farmwet iz Poljske. Mešavina bilja dodata je u količini od 3 kg na tonu kukuruzne prekrupe. Bilje u prahu pomešano je sa prekrupom, zatim navlaženo vodom u količini od oko 10% od doze hrane i ostavljeno dva sata da nabubri. Ispitivanje je vršeno na šest hranidbenih grupa: - I - samo prirodna hrana (kontrolna grupa) - II - smeša sa kukuruznom prekrupom - III - smeša sa kukuruznom prekrupom obogaćena probioticima - IV - smeša sa kukuruznom prekrupom obogaćena lekovitim biljem - V - smeša sa kukuruznom prekrupom obogaćena probioticima i lekovitim biljem - VI - peletirana hrana Aller Aqua (referentna grupa) Eksperimentalne smeše korišćene su za ishranu šaranske mlađi (C1), dvogodišnjaka za dalji uzgoj (C2) i konzumnih šarana (C3). Gustine nasada šarana bile su sledeće: - za C1– 20000 jedinki/ha - za C2– 5000 jedinki/ha - za C3–1500 jedinki/ha Sledeći parametri su mereni i analizirani: - završna telesna masa (g/jedinka) - prinos (kg/ha) - stopa preživljavanja (S) - stopa konverzije hrane, FCR (kg) - Fultonov koeficijent (F) - broj parazita (Trichodina–Trich., Chilodonella–Chil., Epistylis–Epist., Costia,) - nivo lizozima (mg/l) - nivo gama globulina (g/l