The pneumatisation of anterior clinoid process is not associated with any predictors that might be recognised preoperatively

The anterior clinoid process (ACP) is usually removed during surgeries of proximalinternal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms. However, some ACPs presentwith air cells originating from the sphenoid or/and ethmoid sinus. In surgeriescontaining a clinoidectomy of a pneumatised process, up to 40% of patients experience cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea. The aim of this study wasto explore the potential predictors of pneumatisation of the ACP, as well asto compare the occurrence of CSF rhinorrhoea between total and partialanterior clinoidectomies. This study comprised 2 different groups, with 2 differentanalyses. Firstly, the pneumatisation of the ACP was evaluated in 496 ACPs and was based on 248 computer tomography exams (CT). The c2 testand ROC curve comparisons were utilised in conjunction, to explore possiblepredictors of air cell accumulation in the ACP. The overall pneumatisation ratewas 9.7%, unilateral and bilateral aerial ACP was found in 4.4% and 2.6% of all patients respectively, while at least one pneumatised ACP was found in 14.1% of examined patients. The route of pneumatisation was establishedin 87.5% of cases. The side of the ACP, gender, and patient age were notsignificantly associated with both pneumatisation of ACP or route of pneumatisation.Secondly, a clinical group of 23 patients after operative securingof an ICA aneurysm were retrospectively assessed with regards to the extentof anterior clinoidectomy and the occurrence of CSF rhinorrhoea. A total of23 ACPs were removed, 17 ACPs were totally resected, and 6 underwent partialresection. CSF rhinorrhoea was not noted in any patients, thus the comparison between clinical groups was not valid. Moreover, we described a novelmethod of partial removal of the lateral aspect of ACP, which was applied in6 patients treated for an ICA — ophthalmic artery junction aneurysm

The challenges of hypervolemic therapy in patients after subarachnoid haemorrhage

Purpose The triple-H therapy is widely used for cerebral vasospasm (CV) prevention and treatment in patients after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). However, this practice is based on low level evidence. Aim of this study was to evaluate errors in fluid administration, fluid balance monitoring and bedside charts completeness during a trial of triple-H therapy. Materials and methods An audit of the SAH patient charts was performed. A total of 508 fluid measurements were performed in 41 patients (6 with delayed cerebral ischaemia; DCI) during 14 days of observation. Results Underestimating for intravenous drugs was the most frequent error (80.6%; 112), resulting in a false positive fluid balance in 2.4% of estimations. In 38.6% of the negative fluid balance cases, the physicians did not order additional fluids for the next 24h. In spite of that, the fluid intake was significantly increased after DCI diagnosis. The mean and median intake values were 3.5 and 3.8l/24h respectively, although 40% of the fluid balances were negative. The positive to negative fluid balance ratio was decreasing in the course of the 14 day observation. Conclusions This study revealed inconsistencies in the fluid orders as well as mistakes in the fluid monitoring, which illustrates the difficulties of fluid therapy and reinforces the need for strong evidence-based guidelines for hypervolemic therapy in SAH

Physical activities and sport in life of the Tsar's Dynasty of Romanovs (from court's games to the Olympic Games)

The 300-year reign of the Romanov dynasty allowed Russia to become an empire of interna-tional importance. The phenomenon of the Romanovs’ authoritarian rule which had its origins in autocracy has been the subject of comprehensive research all around the world. Part of this re-search also considered the question of free time management and the different forms of leisure and physical activity of the Romanov family. It is beyond doubt that the Russian monarchs were not much different in this respect from other ruling families in Europe. In many cases the Romanovs were even ahead of the representatives of other ruling dynasties in terms of taking care of their physical fitness. However, because of the archaic state structure and the existing social relations, their potential as role models and the positive influence they could have had on their subjects in this respect was generally limited to the narrow circles of Russian aristocracy. The developments that were taking place at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century were interrupted by the whirlwind of revolutionary changes and the fall of the Romanov dynasty together with Imperi-al Russia.300-letnie panowanie dynastii Romanowów pozwoliło Rosji zbudować imperium o znaczeniu międzynarodowym. Fenomen ich autorytarnej władzy, wywodzącej się z samodzierżawia, jest przedmiotem gruntownych badań naukowych na całym świecie. Ich częścią jest także kwestia organizacji czasu wolnego, różnorodnych form wypoczynku, rozrywek i aktywności fizycznej rodziny Romanowów. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że w tym zakresie rosyjscy monarchowie nie różnili się od innych europejskich rodzin panujących. W wielu przypadkach Romanowowie, najczęściej wywodzący się z niemieckich rodów książęcych, pod względem dbałości o swoją sprawność fizyczną nawet znacząco przewyższali przedstawicieli innych panujących dynastii. Jednakowoż, ze względu na archaiczną strukturę państwa i istniejące stosunki społeczne, ich wzorce zachowań i pozytywne oddziaływanie na poddanych ograniczało się do wąskich kręgów arystokracji rosyjskiej. Zmiany w tym zakresie, zachodzące pod koniec XIX i na początku XX w., zostały przerwane przez wir rewolucyjnych przemian i upadek dynastii Romanowów wraz z carską Rosją

The role of the IOC presidents in the transformation of the international Olympic movement after World War II

Okres powojenny, obejmujący ponad 70 lat, to znaczący, nie przerwany dziejowymi kataklizmami czas pracy, przemian i stałego rozwoju międzynarodowego ruchu olimpijskiego. Na obecną pozycje Międzynarodowego Komitetu Olimpijskiego (MKOl) we współczesnym świecie ogromny wpływ wywarli kolejni jego przewodniczący: Sigfrid Edström (1946–1952), Avery Brundage (1952–1972), Michael Morris lord Killanin (1972–1980), Juan Antonio Samaranch (1980–2001), Jacques Rogge (2001–2013) oraz Thomas Bach (od 2013 roku). Obiektywne porównanie ich dokonań jest niezwykle trudne i skomplikowane. Działali w różnych czasach, które niosły ze sobą zupełnie inne problemy i wyzwania. MKOl pod ich kierownictwem stopniowo przekształcał się z klubu dżentelmenów w korporację transnarodową. Wszyscy oni byli niewątpliwie wybitnymi osobowościami i rzeczywistymi przywódcami ruchu olimpijskiego, ale należeli raczej do środowiska sportowych technokratów niż wysublimowanych intelektualistów. Przewodniczący MKOl zdołali, co najważniejsze, ustrzec ruch olimpijski przed utratą jego jedności i zabezpieczyli ciągłość trwania igrzysk olimpijskich. Tym samym wszyscy oni przeszli do historii światowego sportu.The post-war period – over 70 years undisturbed by any historical cataclysms – has been a significant time of work, transformation and constant development of the international Olympic movement. Its current position in the world has beenshaped to a large extent by the successive IOC Presidents: Sigfrid Edstrom (1946–1952), Avery Brundage (1952–1972), Michael Morris lord Killanin (1972–1980), Juan Antonio Samaranch (1980–2001), Jacques Rogge (2001–2013) and Thomas Bach (from 2013). An objective comparison of their achievements is extremely difficult and complicated. They were active in different times which entailed completely different problems and challenges. The IOC under their leadership has gradually transformed from a gentlemen’s club into a transnational corporation. All of them were undoubtedly eminent personalities and real leaders of the Olympic movement. However, they were sports technocrats rather than sublime intellectuals. Still, the most important fact is that the Presidents of the IOC have managed to protect the Olympic movement from losing its unity and secured the continuity of the Olympic Games. That is how they went down in the history of sport

Comarch Customer Feedback Management System (semester?), IPRO 349A: CCFM System IPRO 349 1.1 Midterm Report S07

In a new and fast growing customer driven economy, successful businesses are relying on customer feedback to provide the best products and services. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Customer Loyalty Management (CLM) tools and services are being implemented in businesses to aid in increasing customer satisfaction, maximizing profits per customer, and cheaper, more effective marketing. Comarch Customer Feedback Management (CCFM) solutions and software will help businesses in all markets develop targeted questionnaires to give businesses a better understanding of their customers’ needs, lifestyles, and culture. CCFM is customizable user friendly software developed for people of any skill level to design questionnaires for customer feedback, market research or any need for gathering customer data. CCFM’s goal is to be an effective software solution for people who need effective questionnaires even those who need to survey thousands of people and require data that is easily categorized. Businesses in today’s marketplace and global economy are competing to bring the best products, services and solutions to their customers. Businesses need to keep customers as long as they can to save money, and earn more off return customers and customer loyalty. Most businesses implement a CRM and CLM department, and CCFM’s questionnaire building software makes those departments more effective.Deliverables for IPRO 349A: Comarch Customer Feedback Management System for the Summer 2007 semeste