Теоретические закономерности и институциональные особенности финансирования искусства

The authors have analyzed organizations of the performing arts sector, one of the classic key benefits in the economy. The empirical research has been based on the economic pattern of “cost disease”. A unique statistical database has been compiled on the basis of the information database of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of culture of the Russian Federation. The research presents the Baumol’s indices calculations updated in 2001–2015. There have been confirmed such symptoms of Baumol’s cost disease as: labor productivity in cultural organizations lagging behind the average regional rate, super-inflationary growth for ticket prices in theaters, and catch-up wage growth in the theater in relation to the average wage level in the region. The author’s approach to the analysis of the Baumol’s cost disease is a modification of the overall Baumol index as a replacement for the income deficit indicator for the share of expenses covered by budget funds. New results have been obtained for estimating the income deficit and the share of expenditures covered by public funding by using the panel data model and quantile regression. The practical value of this research is the systematization of budgetary and extra-budgetary support for cultural organizations. New institutions of financial support such as the institute of participatory budgeting and the institution of individual budget allocations have been suggested to create favorable environment for the development of cultural organizationsАвторы анализируют функционирование учреждений сферы культуры и искусства, которая является одним из классических примеров опекаемых благ в экономике. Эмпирическое исследование опирается на экономическую закономерность «болезнь цен». Составлена уникальная статистическая база данных на основе информации Росстата и информационной базы данных Министерства культуры РФ. В исследовании обновлены расчеты индексов Баумоля за период 2001–2015 гг. Получено подтверждение наличия таких симптомов «болезни Баумоля», как: отстающая от среднерегионального темпа производительность труда в учреждениях культуры, сверхинфляционный рост цен на билеты в театрах, догоняющий рост заработных плат в театре по отношению к среднему уровню заработных плат в регионе. Авторским подходом к анализу «болезни цен» Баумоля можно считать модификацию общего индекса Баумоля в виде замены показателя дефицита дохода на долю расходов, покрываемых за счет бюджетных средств. Получены новые результаты оценки дефицита дохода и доли расходов, покрываемых за счет государственного финансирования, с использованием модели панельных данных и квантильной регрессии. Практическая ценность данного исследования состоит в систематизации механизмов бюджетной и внебюджетной поддержки учреждений искусств. В качестве основы для создания благоприятной среды развития организаций культуры предложены такие новые институты финансовой поддержки, как институт партисипативного бюджетирования и институт индивидуальных бюджетных назначений

Uncertainty Quantification in Chemical Modeling

A module of PrIMe automated data-centric infrastructure, Bound-to-Bound Data Collaboration (B2BDC), was used for the analysis of systematic uncertainty and data consistency of the H2/CO reaction model (73/17). In order to achieve this purpose, a dataset of 167 experimental targets (ignition delay time and laminar flame speed) and 55 active model parameters (pre-exponent factors in the Arrhenius form of the reaction rate coefficients) was constructed. Consistency analysis of experimental data from the composed dataset revealed disagreement between models and data. Two consistency measures were applied to identify the quality of experimental targets (Quantities of Interest, QoI): scalar consistency measure, which quantifies the tightening index of the constraints while still ensuring the existence of a set of the model parameter values whose associated modeling output predicts the experimental QoIs within the uncertainty bounds; and a newly-developed method of computing the vector consistency measure (VCM), which determines the minimal bound changes for QoIs initially identified as inconsistent, each bound by its own extent, while still ensuring the existence of a set of the model parameter values whose associated modeling output predicts the experimental QoIs within the uncertainty bounds. The consistency analysis suggested that elimination of 45 experimental targets, 8 of which were self- inconsistent, would lead to a consistent dataset. After that the feasible parameter set was constructed through decrease uncertainty parameters for several reaction rate coefficients. This dataset was subjected for the B2BDC framework model optimization and analysis on. Forth methods of parameter optimization were applied, including those unique in the B2BDC framework. The optimized models showed improved agreement with experimental values, as compared to the initiallyassembled model. Moreover, predictions for experiments not included in the initial dataset were investigated. The results demonstrate benefits of applying the B2BDC methodology for development of predictive kinetic models

Investigation of the low-temperature cyclohexane oxidation

The existence or non-existence of the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) region in cyclo-hexane (cyC6H12) oxidation is still an open question in the literature. This paper addresses this issue by presenting the rapid compression machine (RCM) and shock tube (ST) data and a consistent model to predict ignition delay times in agreement with experimental data. To this end, a semi-detailed chemical kinetic mechanism has been updated and improved to study the cyclohexane combustion at both low- and high-temperatures including polyromantic molecule (PAH) formation. The reaction mechanism is based on the 20 reaction classes; two of those were newly included in the model: cyclohexenyl peroxy formation and isomerization of hydroperoxy peroxy radical. For the main reaction classes, uncertainty boundaries of the rate coefficients have been evaluated. The NTC behavior observed in the RCM experiments was not detected in the ST measurements and in simulations performed with the developed model. The simulations performed with other literature models revealed that reaction models, which described the NTC region fixed in the RCM experiments, were unable to reproduce accurately the shock tube data. It is shown, that the cyC6H12 oxidation chemistry is controlled by competition between three main reaction pathways over the full temperature interval. The developed model describes successfully laminar flame speed data and species profiles from burner-stabilized premixed flames

Theoretical Regulations and Institutional Features of Financing Arts

The authors have analyzed organizations of the performing arts sector, one of the classic key benefits in the economy. The empirical research has been based on the economic pattern of “cost disease”. A unique statistical database has been compiled on the basis of the information database of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of culture of the Russian Federation. The research presents the Baumol’s indices calculations updated in 2001–2015. There have been confirmed such symptoms of Baumol’s cost disease as: labor productivity in cultural organizations lagging behind the average regional rate, super-inflationary growth for ticket prices in theaters, and catch-up wage growth in the theater in relation to the average wage level in the region. The author’s approach to the analysis of the Baumol’s cost disease is a modification of the overall Baumol index as a replacement for the income deficit indicator for the share of expenses covered by budget funds. New results have been obtained for estimating the income deficit and the share of expenditures covered by public funding by using the panel data model and quantile regression. The practical value of this research is the systematization of budgetary and extra-budgetary support for cultural organizations. New institutions of financial support such as the institute of participatory budgeting and the institution of individual budget allocations have been suggested to create favorable environment for the development of cultural organization

Simulation of non-isothermal liquid sprays under large-scale turbulence

Due to the high level of achieved research, there are prospects for the widespread use of the method and specific physical results in the areas under consideration, as well as ways for more effective application of mathematical modeling methods using modern computing technology in various subject areas. For the numerical study of the combustion of liquid fuels, it is required to consider many complex interrelated processes and phenomena, which are laborious tasks of computational thermal physics. In the theory’s study of combustion and the development of various technical devices, the actions of which are based on the use of the combustion process, a computational experiment is becoming an increasingly important element. Computational fluid dynamics methods have become widespread in technical physics when it becomes possible to optimize an experiment based on its virtual prototype. This work is devoted to the numerical modeling of the processes of breakup, dispersion, evaporation and combustion of liquid fuel droplets under high turbulence. Fundamental characteristics, methods of liquid fuels atomization, the mathematical model and basic equations describing the collision, distribution and combustion of liquid fuels at high turbulence are presented. Results of computational experiments by determination of the optimal conditions for the combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuel are presented. Influence of the oxidant’s initial temperature on the processes of atomization and dispersion of droplets in the combustion chamber under high turbulence is investigated. Optimal combustion parameters for the dodecane have been determined. Key words: numerical modeling, atomization, liquid fuel, dodecane, high turbulence

Topic entities for determination pertinent documents of university campus network

This paper reviews user-click models and the typed query profile model in order to investigate principles of faster access to documents which are in a university campus network. There wassynthesized university campus user model that is based on the task-centric click model and determines document pertinence conditions, which relies on a user class. A solution of documents search automation was suggested that assumes that users will enable to avoid wasting of time in scientific materials search

Statistical modeling of spray formation, combustion, and evaporation of liquid fuel droplets

This article is devoted to computer simulation of the atomization, combustion, and evaporation processes of liquid fuel drops (heptane) at high turbulence. The paper describes the main characteristics and methods of atomization of liquid fuels and shows the types of special devices used in fuel supply injection systems. As proposed in the paper mathematical model of the combustion of liquid fuel injections at high turbulence consists of the laws of conservation of mass, momentum, transfer of kinetic energy, and conservation concentration of the mixture components. Also, when setting up computational experiments, the chemical model of reacting systems, the turbulence model, and the equations describing evaporation, heat transfer, and interaction with the gaseous medium were taken into account. As a result of the computational experiments performed to study the liquid fuel droplets’ injection rate influence on the processes of its spraying and combustion, the optimal combustion mode was established. The obtained data that determine the optimal mode are confirmed by a graphical interpretation of the distribution of temperature fields, the number of combustion products, and particles along the height of the model combustion chamber. These results will contribute to a deep study and construction of the liquid fuels’ combustion theory, and an understanding of complex thermal and physical phenomena in combustion chamber