Protection of the right of asylum-seeking children not to be unlawfully detained: a look into the laws of Botswana

Botswana acceded to the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol and entered a reservation on section 26 relating to the freedom of movement of refugees within its borders justified on reasons of national security. As such, Botswana adopts a restrictive detention policy which requires that asylum seekers, whether alone or accompanied by their children, be held at the Francistown Centre for Illegal Immigrants pending transfer to the Dukwi Refugee Camp if their application for refugee status is successful or deportation if unsuccessful. Botswana is therefore notorious for detaining asylum seekers including children for prolonged periods, in undesirable physical conditions, and in the process violating the asylum-seeking children's rights to among others, not to be unlawfully detained, the right to an adequate standard of living, family unity, the highest attainable standard of health, and basic education. The study therefore seeks to explore the laws safeguarding the right of asylum-seeking children not to be unlawfully detained in Botswana in an effort to assess the extent to which such laws comply with the standards set by the Convention on the Rights of the Child as the core international standard for the protection of children's rights, and other relevant international and regional instruments. In addition, the study will assess the extent to which such laws are given effect in practice. The study will also explore best international and regional practices on the protection of the right of asylum-seeking children not to be unlawfully detained with specific emphasis on the laws of Sweden and South Africa. The study concludes with recommendations based on standards set out in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other relevant international and regional instruments, and best practices in the laws of Sweden and South Africa which Botswana may draw valuable lessons in order to effectively safeguard the right of asylum-seeking children not to be unlawfully detained

Development of web platform for dissemination of design with social impact methodology

Since the distant history of mankind, the phenomenon of the social impact of design is noticed. The term design with social impact has appeared in frequent use for the last decade, but the interest of designers for the impact of their works in social change has long been there. The designer's approach has undergone major changes over the years, focusing on the outward appearance of products, their features, usability, versatile customer testing, to the involvement of users in the design process. The main goal of this master's thesis is to study the essence of the approach design with social impact and its importance in today's society, to study the methods that emerge from it and to contribute to the promotion, dissemination and application of the knowledge and experiences from the realized activities of this field in our society. The research emphasized the study of the most modern scientific methods in the field of design, as ethnographic research and grounded theory. In order to clarify and define the essence of this methodology, realized projects from the held workshops within the international project "Design with Social Impact" were presented and analyzed. The drawn conclusions are presented in the form of guidelines on how it should be applied, what are its advantages, and why its application is useful. As a final result of this research a web platform was created aimed at spreading the idea about the possibilities of the methodology design with social impact in our society as a factor that can affect the social changes, and at the same time as an opportunity to exchange knowledge and experiences of the designers. This paper is expected to promote the methodology of design with social impact in our surroundings in order to contribute to raising awareness about the importance of designers and the creative way of thinking as an important factor for solving numerous problems in contemporary communities and contemporary living

USING GIS TECHNOLOGY IN HYDROGEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

The main purpose of this study was to present a hydrological model to a meadow area of the Danube.GIS tools has multiple for the achievement thematic maps that can model variousprocesses. The methods are based on topographic characteristics of the land and river characteristics existing in the neighborhood .For this area maps were created using the program ArcMap 10.1

Studiul terenurilor degradate prin eroziune cu ajutorul GIS

The aim of this study was to present a map of erosion risk zone of the area Aldeni - Buzau. GIS tools provide the opportunity to achieve thematic maps that can model various processes. The methods are based on topographic characteristics of the land. For this study the maps were created using the ArcMap10.1 applicatio

Climate change in relation to agriculture

Climate change in Romania, will affect all sectors of the economy will lead to changes in vegetation periods and displacement the line between woods and meadows. Extreme weather events (storms, floods, droughts) will occur more frequently, and related risks and damages may become more significant. The areas affected by drought have expanded in the last decades the most exposed being in southeast and most of the country was affected by long lasting dry period. Together with floods, long periods of drought lead to significant economic losses in agriculture, transport, energy, water management, health and activity of households

Monitoring agricultural plantations with remote sensing imagery

In agriculture, a major benefit of satellite registrations crop is forecast problem by following up the development of crops in certain phonological stages. Then, the registration of pest attacks made possible intervention in the early stages of this phenomenon. Development of the Earth's surface registration techniques in different spectral bands specialized for certain components of the environment. Such as those of the last LANDSAT and SPOT satellites were able to follow some aspects of forestry and agricultur

GIS DATABASES WITH APPLICATIONS IN URBAN CADASTRE

In the evolution of societies, the state wanted to know and be informed on the scope, characteristics and distribution of private or public property, from its territory. It was necessary that these areas limits, goods and members are drawn and recorded in the registers. This gives cadastre in order to determine exactly who is the owner of the plot or building. The GIS databases can be created that can be used in survey This paper presents a GIS database in Bucharest and maps in ArcMap 10.1 which resulte

Band selection in sentinel-2 satellite for agriculture applications

Various indices are used for assessing vegetation and soil properties in satellite remote sensing applications. Some indices, such as NDVI and NDWI, are defined based on the sensitivity and significance of specific bands. Nowadays, remote sensing capability with a good number of bands and high spatial resolution is available. Instead of classification based on indices, this paper explores direct classification using selected bands. Recently launched Sentinel-2A is adopted as a case study. Three methods are compared, where the first approach utilizes traditional indices and the latter two approaches adopt specific bands (Red, NIR, and SWIR) and full bands of on-board sensors, respectively. It is shown that a better classification performance can be achieved by directly using the three selected bands compared with the one using indices, while the use of all 13 bands can further improve the performance. Therefore, it is recommended the new approach can be applied for Sentinel-2A image analysis and other wide applications

Carbon dioxide levels of ventilated adult critically ill post-operative patients on arrival to the intensive care unit

Background. The transportation of critically ill patients presents a precarious situation in which adverse events may occur. At Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH) patients were manually ventilated using a manual resuscitator bag during transportation from theatre to the intensive care unit (ICU). Objectives. To evaluate the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels of ventilated adult critically ill post-operative patients on arrival at the ICU at CHBAH. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling. Pre- and post-transportation arterial blood gases were obtained from 47 patients. Results. There was a statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-transport PaCO2 level (p=0.03), with a mean difference of 3.3 mmHg. The pre- and post-transport arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) level (p≤0.001) and the week and weekend pre-transport (p≤0.001) and post-transport (p=0.01) PaCO2 were statistically significantly different. No statistically significant difference was found in the other arterial blood gas parameters or in the post-transport PaCO2 of those patients (26 (55.3%)), who received a neuromuscular blocking drug compared with those that did not. Adverse events were noted during 12 (25.6%) of the transports, 5 (41.7%) of which were patient-related, and 7 (58.3%) of which were infrastructure-related. Conclusion. There was a statistically but not clinically significant difference in the pre- and post-transport PaCO2 level and between week and weekend transportations. Hypercarbia was the most common derangement in all transports. Adverse events occurred during one-quarter of transportations. Keywords: manual resuscitation bag ventilation, transportation of critically ill patients, carbon dioxide level