Salinity Stress Effects on the Growing Rates of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

The objectif of this study was to observe the effect of salinity on the tomato plant’s height, leaf area, root lenght and fruit production. The biological material used in this study was represented by five local races of tomato cultivated in east side of Romania. The seeds was collected from areas with saline soils from Moldavia region and compared with commercial type salt-tolerant tomato. The bifactorial experience was conducted in a pots experiment in randomized blocks with four repetitions. Five tomato genotypes studied were subjected to salt stress for a period of 30 days is constantly wetted with saline solution to a concentration of 100 mM and 200 mM. After 30 days salt stress is manifested difference in the growth rate of the untreated variants as a result of the biological characteristics of each cultivar, but also differences in the variants treated, due to salt stress

Dynamics of the Foliar Pigments Content in some Tomato Cultivars from East Romania under Salt Stress

The biological material was represented by ten local tomatoes populations collected from areas with saline soils from Moldavia region and compared with commercial type salt-tolerant tomato Determination of photosynthetic pigments of leaves was done by the spectrophotometric method. For determination of photosynthetic pigments of leaves we used a UV spectrophotometer type - 1800. The content of chlorophyll pigments was assessed by light absorption ability of the acetone extract of pigments (1%) in the visible spectrum (400-700 nm). Tomato genotypes in the study were subjected to salt stress for a period of 30 days is constantly wetted with saline solution to a concentration of 100 mM and 200 mM. The pigment content was analyzed at 15 days and 30 days after the saline treatment. After 15 days when the tomato genotypes was subjected to constant stress salt the content of chlorophyll a 662-663 chlorophyll a 431-432 , chlorophyll b 453-454 and chlorophyll b 616-617 showed higher values compared with analyzes performed after 30 days. Analyzed the results based on biphasic model of growth response under salt stress proposed by Munns (1993), and found that tomatoes reacted similarly. The transition from phase I (osmotic stress) to phase II (ions toxicity), is done by salt stress intensity, but mostly by cultivated genotype

The Influence of Biostimulants on the Growth and Some Physiological Processes of Three Bean Cultivars

Biostimulants contribute to plant nutrition, they have positive effects on plant growth. Research has focused on the influence of biostimulators on germination capacity, the height of stem, also we determined the total chlorophyll content with the CCM plus 200 and the stomatal conductance with SC1 leaf porometer.The bifactorial experience was conducted in a pots experiment in randomized blocks with three repetitions. The application of biostimulants (Cropmax and Atonik) was done every ten days by foliar spraying throughout the vegetation period.Biostimulants in this study had a positive influence of the physiological processes followed in the three cultivars of beans. These products can be used successfully for both and the treatment of seed and the treatments applied to the phases of the growing season. The best results were recorded of bean plants treated with Cropmax

Dynamics of the Foliar Pigments Content in Some Bean Genotypes, from North-East Romania, under Salt Stress

Phaseolus vulgaris L. is a salt-sensitive species. For this reason, the purpose of the face work was to determine the effect of excess NaCl on the content of the chlorophyll pigments as an indicator of salt stress tolerance. Therefore, in the present study, of the influence of saline solutions of 100 mM and 200 mM NaCl was studied on the content of assimilatory pigments, to 7 local populations of common beans, collected from areas with saline soils, from Nord-East of Romania and grown under greenhouse conditions, at the pots. The experiment is part of a broader research, and the determination of pigment content is only one stage of this research, because and other physiological and biochemical parameters are analyzed. 15 days after treatment the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids pigments showed higher values compared with analyzes performed after 30 days. The overall objective of the research is to contribute to a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in the saline stress tolerance of Phaseolus vulgaris L., identification of local populations of salinity-tolerant beans and their use in breeding programs of this species. As novelty, in the current study, new genotypes were found of bean, from Nord-East of Romania, tolerant to this factor

Cercetări fiziologice privind influenţa stresului salin la unele populaţii locale de fasole(phaseolus vulgarisl.)

Saline stress affects seeds germination, reduces the chlorophyll content in the plant leaves and the photosynthesis activity, changes that have prompted the researchers around the world, also in Romania, to study this abiotic factor with interest.The success of the research could provide the extension of plant cultivation to areas affected by salinisation or as well as the possibility of using sea and ocean water, a vast resource, for irrigation of crops, and as a result, the increase in world biomass production.The present research investigated the influence of saline solutions (100 mM and 200 mM NaCl) on the chlorophyll pigments content in 10 local populations of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in pots, in greenhouse conditions. The main objective of this study was to identify the salinity tolerant genotypes, knowing that this attribute is also conferred by a high chlorophylls concentration. Also tolerant genotypes could be used in plant breeding, as these local populations are adapted to the environmental conditions of the NE of Romania

Research on the eco - physiological reaction of some vine varieties during the 2011 growing season in the Copou, Iasi area

Extreme weather events adversely affect the normal growth cycle of crops and productivity of agricultural systems. Recent research shows that the vine production efficiency could be reduced by abiotic stress represented by the drought, freezing temperatures and soil salinity. Various modern research projects aim to test models of abiotic stress resistance genes expression in order to discover the mechanisms of tolerance to stress and to stimulate understanding the genetic basis of this reaction, with implications for wine quality (Cramer, et al., 2005, Burzo I. şi colab., 1999, Jităreanu Carmen Doina şi colab., 2004). In this context, due to genotype - phenotype interrelations, phenotypic manifestations research (morpho-anatomical, physiological, biochemical and behavioral) related to resistance to stress abiotic vine from global warming is an urgent topicality. Water scarcity is one of the most important abiotic stress factors and is generally accompanied by heat stress. It inhibits photosynthesis by disrupting biochemical processes of synthesis of pigments from the reaction center (Bertamini et al., 2007, Guan et al, 2004) and the photobreathing protects the photosynthetic apparatus against photodegradation in drought conditions (Guan et al., 2004 ). In this paper we intended to study issues regarding the eco - physiological response to climatic conditions of 2011 of the following vine varieties: Gelu, Coarna Neagra, Moldova and Purpuriu. For this purpose, investigations regarding some indicators of the photosynthesis process were carried out: leaf morphogenesis – the leaf being the main organ of photosynthesis - and photosynthetic pigment content during growth and ripening processes of grains

The water regime of some grapevine varieties in the pedoclimatic conditions of 2011 in Iasi and Bujorul vineyards

Climatic changes, characterized by extreme meteorological conditions, influence especially growth and development of plants. The meteorological factors act restrictively on their biological cycle as well as on their productive potential. Referring to the grapevine, air temperature is the key factor that limits the areas where grapes can be cultivated, the beginning and the development of the vegetation phases, the production quantity as well as its quality. The research was focused on the effects of the meteorological conditions of 2011 on the plants’ water regime at the following grapevine varieties Fetească albă, Fetească regală, Riesling italian and Băbească gri cultivated in Iasi and Bujorul vineyards

Influenţa stresului salin asupra conţinutului de acid ascorbic (vitamina c) din fructele unor genotipuri de tomate din Nord-Estul României

Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is an organic acid with antioxidant properties, involved in a number of processes taking place in living cells. Through their efforts to adapt to the saline stress, plants have to increase the antioxidant level by increasing, mainly, the ascorbic acid. The research was conducted under greenhouse condition. The biological material was represented by seven local tomatoes populations collected from areas with saline soils from Moldavia region and compared with commercial type salt-tolerant tomato.Tomato genotypes in the study were subjected to salt stress for a period of 30 days is constantly wetted with saline solution to a concentration of 100 mM and 200 mM.The content of vitamin C in fruit was determined by using the titrimetric method. The research on the vitamin C content from tomatoes fruit showed that, as the concentration saline increases, the concentration of ascorbic acid raises too

Physiological response to water and salt stress of some white lupine cultivars (Lupinus albus L.)

Currently in Europe is a tendency to counteract some negative effects caused by intensive agriculture. One of these effects, genetic erosion, is determined by the existence in the culture of a small number of species and, within them, a relatively small number of cultivars. White lupine, by its traits (high quality protein content, ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and to use low-phosphorus soils), could become very interesting species for farmers. The climate and edaphic changes, characterized by extreme temperatures, drought and saline soils represent a challenge for white lupine in extending surfaces. In this study, we observed the reaction of 34 white lupine cultivars to drought and soil salinity. Plants were grown in vegetation pots (type Mitscherlich) until flowering. Regarding drought resistance, quantified by the amount of biomass accumulation, stomatitis conductance and assimilatory pigments concentration in green house conditionswere measured. Increased resistance to drought was found in the romanian cultivars Satu Mare and Bihor. From the foreigner, P12159, Lublanc and Družba showed also resistance to dryness. NaCl excess in soil reduces vegetative growth because of lowering the amount of accumulated biomass and decreasing the chlorophyll concentration. Most of cultivars showed toxicity symptoms characterized by leaf chlorosis and necrosis