Porównanie wyników oceny użytkowości czystorasowej i mieszańcowej populacji bydła rasy hereford w Polsce

Comparison of recording results of purebred and crossbred Hereford cattle in Poland. The aim of the study was to compare purebred and crossbred Hereford cattle in respect to their compliance with the breeding goals and standards adopted by the Polish Association of Breeders and Producers of Beef Cattle. The study was based on data for the years 2002–2015 from the PABPBC and for the years 1996–2001 from the National Center of Animal Breeding (NCAB). The properties that were evaluated were the average body weight of calves after birth (kg), average daily weight gain of calves from birth to 210 days (g), average body weight of calves at 210 days (kg) and average milk yield of cows (kg). One can observe a gradual decline in the share of the national Hereford beef cattle population, it also shows a significant decrease in the number of crossbreds with Hereford breed. Purebred Hereford cows delivered calves about 2–3 kg heavier than calves from crossbreds ones. Higher birth weights, both within the purebred and hybrid population, had bulls. The difference between bulls and heifers was usually 2–3 kg depending on the assessment year. For both populations growing trend of bull calves body weight at birth could be observed. In case of heifers calves the growing trend was observed in purebred population only. the average daily weight gain of calves increased considerably in the last years of analysis. The presented data show that both pure-bred calves and hybrids were characterized by relatively high body weight gain in the rearing period. The average daily gain was 812–1002 g for pure-bred heifers and 852– –1045 g for pure-bred bulls and for crossbred heifers 876–1039 g and 889–1081 g for bulls

Rasy bydła mięsnego w Polsce

Beef cattle breeds in Poland: Various of beef cattle breeds offer many different paths of breeding for Polish breeders. Understanding their predisposition is the key to effective and profitable production. The current level of beef consumption in Poland barely exceed 3 kg per person per year, what is lower result than in the past when it amounted nearly to 18 kg per person per year. It is strongly connected to lack of beef cattle production and consumption tradition. The rapid development of poultry and pork production results in prices drop of those products and deepen marginalization of the culinary beef. To repopularize beef on the Polish market, it is necessary to increase its quality in order to meet the current requirements of customers and become attractive for them. According to many authors, the key element is the promotion of knowledge in this field among farmers to produce better quality beef. Quality is a key due to the increase in nutritional value and improvement of its taste and appearance which is crucial during making a choice. The difficult market situation forces breeders to make a deliberate decision and apply new solutions in breeding. The mentioned and described breeds are present on Polish farms, however their populations differ significantly despite the diverse potential they have

Związek pomiędzy przyżyciową oceną buhajów holsztyńsko-fryzyjskich i mieszańców z rasami mięsnymi a poubojową obiektywną oceną tusz wołowych

Relationship between the live assessment of Holstein-Friesian bulls and beef breed crosses, and the post-mortem objective evaluation of beef carcasses. Methods of assessing the slaughter and fattening characteristics of live cattle are a common and inseparable element of breeding work, but the commonly used visual assessment methods are not fully objective. Nowadays, innovative methods for the computer image analysis of beef carcasses, which are usually precise and objective than methods and are often used. The aims of this study was to determine the relationship between live assessment and post-mortem analysis for the objective evaluation of carcasses, and to determine if it is possible to predict carcass quality based on live measurements. The material consisted of bulls that were Holstein Friesian breed (N=128), and beef breed crosses (N =170). The experiments included the zoometric measurement of the bulls and the results of an objective evaluation of the carcasses using computer image analysis. In terms of the beef breed crosses all live measurements were signifi cantly correlated (P < 0.05) with the post-slaughter values. The coeffi cients of determination (R2) were higher for crossbreed bulls than for dairy bulls by over 20% in the case of the distance between the heel and the shoulder and for hind quarter volume. In both research groups an increase in height at the withers resulted in a body conformation of(standardized regression coeffi cients –ß) 0.68 and 1.006, for pure breed and beef breed crosses respectively. Live cattle measurements – especially measurements performed on beef breed crosses, may forecast selected characteristics in beef carcasses

Wpływ rasy i kraju pochodzenia na wydajność i skład mleka krów mlecznych

Infl uence of cattle breed and country of origin on milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows. Dairy cattle breeding and milk industry are still signifi cant part of Polish agriculture industry. Polish farmers have valid positions in Europe and other parts of the world and cattle is their main source of income but also main species using grasslands in Poland. The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of: race, herd, country of origin and number of calving on milk production and milk composition of three dairy cattle breeds: Polish Holstein-Friesian, Polish Black and White, Simmental. Cows were kept on farms with milk performance recording system. Importance of each factor was assessed using one-way analysis of variance. Polish Holstein- Friesian breed achieved the highest daily milk yield (P < 0.01). The highest milk yield cows reached during the 3rd lactation. However, cattle imported from the Netherlands had higher (P < 0.01) milk yield, protein content and somatic cell count level comparing to cows from other countries. Presented data may suggest that breeders in the Netherland remove from herds cow more susceptible to mastitis. Farmers in Poland should consider breeds different than PHF e.g., SM if having large grasslands

The content of bioactive components in milk depending on cow feeding model in certified ecological farms

Żywienie krów odgrywa kluczową rolę w kształtowaniu produkcyjności i jakości mleka. Celem badań było ustalenie wpływu różnych modeli żywienia krów utrzymywanych w certyfikowanych gospodarstwach ekologicznych województwa mazowieckiego na zawartość bioaktywnych składników mleka (BSM). Przeanalizowano żywienie oraz produkcyjność krów w dwóch sezonach żywienia: letnim i zimowym w 2010 roku w dwóch gospodarstwach specjalistycznych. W badanych gospodarstwach dawki żywieniowe w okresie letnim i zimowym różniły się rodzajem stosowanych pasz. Badania przeprowadzono na 20 krowach. W mleku oznaczono LKS, witaminy A, D3, E i K2, profil kwasów tłuszczowych, białka serwatkowe, Ca, P i Mg. Najlepsze efekty produkcyjne w gospodarstwach ekologicznych wykazano w sezonie żywienia letniego u krów wypasanych na pastwisku, dokarmianych sianokiszonką i paszą treściwą w gospodarstwie G1. Mleko krów pochodzące z sezonu żywienia letniego z gospodarstwa G2 wyróżniało się statystycznie wyższą zawartością składników o właściwościach antyoksydacyjnych, głównie ?-karotenu i witaminy D3 oraz CLA w porównaniu z mlekiem z sezonu żywienia zimowego, odpowiednio o 78% i 14% oraz 437%. Najwyższą koncentrację BSM w sezonie żywienia zimowego wykazano w mleku krów żywionych dawką z udziałem dyni pastewnej (G2).W trakcie trwania żywienia zimowego w mleku z gospodarstwa G2 vs. G1 wykazano większą zawartość ?-karotenu (0,355 vs. 0,195mg/l)i TAS-u (1,759 vs. 1,721 mmol/l), oraz bioaktywnych kwasów tłuszczowych takich, jak:CLA, TVA i LNA odpowiednio(0,946 vs. 0,381, 2,20 vs. 0,89 i 0,956 vs. 0,734 g/100g tłuszczu. Zawartość wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych (PUFA) w sezonie żywienia zimowego również była statystycznie wyższa w mleku w gospodarstwie G2 niż w G1 o 24,2%. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na korzystniejszą jakość prozdrowotną mleka, które pochodzi od krów mających w dawce zimowej dynię pastewną, a w dawce letniej - od krów żywionych zielonką pastwiskową do woli.Cow feeding plays a crucial role in shaping of their productivity and milk quality. The aim of the research was to examine the influence of different feeding models for cows kept in certified ecological farms of Mazovian voivodeship on bioactive milk components (BMC). Cow feeding and productivity in two feeding seasons (summer and winter) in 2010 in two specialist farms were analyzed. In examined farms feeding rations differed in type of feedstuffs used. The experiment was carried out on 20 cows. Somatic cell count (SCC), vitamins A, D3, E and K2, fatty acids profile, whey proteins, Ca, P as well as Mg were determined in milk. The best productivity effects in ecological farms were proved in summer feeding season season in case of cows grazed in the pasture and additionally receiving hay silage and a concentrate at the farm G1. Cow milk collected during summer feeding season at the farm G2 had statistically higher content of antioxidant components, mainly ßcarotene and vitamin D3, as well as CLA comparing with milk collected in winter season by 78%, 14% and 437% respectively. In winter feeding season the highest BMC concentration was proved in milk of cows fed the ration containing fodder pumpkin (G2). During winter feeding, in milk from G2 vs. G1 farms, it was observed highest content of ß-carotene (0.355 vs. 0.195mg/l) and TAS (1.759 vs. 1.721 mmol/l) as well as bioactive fatty acids like CLA, TVA and LNA (0,946 vs. 0.381, 2.20 vs. 0.89 and 0.956 vs. 0.734 g/100g of fat respectively). The content of PUFA during winter feeding season was also statistically higher in milk from G2 than G1 farm by 24.2%. The results obtained show more health-profitable quality of milk from cows receiving fodder pumpkin in winter ration and the animals fed ad libitum pasture green forage in the summer

Wpływ wieku pierwszego ocielenia na wydajność życiową, długość życia i użytkowania krów mlecznych

The impact of age at the fi rst calving on lifetime milk yield, life span and herd life in dairy cows. The increasing importance of functional traits (e.g. longevity) in cattle breeding is the result of their direct effect on profi tability of production. The main objective of the study was to determine the infl uence of age of the fi rst calving on lifetime milk yield, life span and herd life in Polish dairy cows. Cows were kept on farms with milk performance recording system. One-way analysis of variance was used to calculate the impact of age of the fi rst calving on selected traits. Cows that fi rst calving occurred at the age of 791–850 day achieved the highest lifetime milk, fat and protein yield per one day of life (P ≤ 0.01). Moreover, their life span was also the longest (P ≤ 0.01) and milk and protein yield per 1 day of utilization were the highest (P ≤ 0.01). Obtained results suggest that the most favorable time of calving for dairy heifers is between 791–850 day of life. Therefore, milk producers should carefully consider the most suitable time of heifers insemination in order to achieve the most satisfying milk production