Этическая проблематика донорства органов при необратимой остановке сердца

There is renewal of interests to the organs that could be obtained from asystolic donors. Our goal was to identify ethical issues raised by attempts of classification  and terms such kind of organ donors depended on time and place of cardiac arrest.  Based only on the reasoning of medical experts group these principles going to be  routine State policy. That followed by erased roles of physicians and misleading the  meaning or organ transplant program. From our point of view there should be clear  opposite position between death and life in order to initiate organ procurement  activity. That is possible only in case of artificial blood supply for preserving  transplant-to-be-organs after relevant time between cardiac arrest and start of such kind of perfusion procedure.История трансплантологии начиналась с использования органов, полученных от доноров с необратимой остановкой сердца. Только с введением в клиническую практику концепции  смерти мозга стало возможно предлагать для трансплантации экстраренальные органы  лучшего качества, так как их получение происходит в физиологических условиях, наиболее  близких к состоянию живого организма. Однако доноров со смертью мозга недостаточно, и  внимание врачей вновь было обращено к асистолическим донорам. С целью преодоления  разрыва между соблюдением этических основ донорства и качеством донорского органа, страдающего при отсутствии кровообращения, экспертным сообществом предлагается  классифицировать таких пациентов по времени и месту умирания, с тем чтобы предпринять  организационные мероприятия, минимизирующие негативные для органа последствия  умирания пациента. Экспертное мнение ложится в основу клинических протоколов и  утверждается государственными решениями. При этом размывается четкое  противопоставление жизни и смерти, что приводит к эрозии нравственных начал работы  врача. Предлагается к рассмотрению и этическому анализу будущая альтернативная модель  работы с такого рода донорами, когда после констатации у них смерти, как непременного  условия начала работы по донорству, кровообращение в органах и системах умершего  восстанавливается с помощью аппарата искусственного кровообращения

Policy decisions on the forest sector globalization

Globalization requires a sustainable development strategy. The current stage of globalization is accompanied by an enormous development of the productive forces of mankind and its rapid growth. Unregulated development can cause environmental destruction and threaten life on Earth. The material and ecological resources of the planet are not unlimited. The reserves of oil, gas, ore, minerals, arable land and forests are limited. These limits impose a natural limitation on humanity's drive for unbridled growth. Forests remain one of the main components of the planet's ecosystem. The quality of the environment largely depends on the presence and condition of forests. Forests play an extremely important and multifaceted role in ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of human society. Forests stabilize natural processes, regulate climate, perform soil protection, water conservation, sanitary, hygienic, recreational and many other environmental and social functions. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO of the UN) estimates that forests currently cover about 30% of the world's land area. The total area of forests is over 4 billion hectares. Every year humanity loses more than twenty million hectares of forest area. Degradation and loss of forests cause local, regional and global environmental problems. The world community needs international legal regulation of forest. The recognition of the global role of forests is reflected in several international conventions and treaties. Sustainable forest management is critical to economic and social development, environmental protection and sustaining life on the planet. All UN member states are encouraged to coordinate approaches to forest conservation and protection. Russia is a member of the UN. It actively participates in the legislative mission to implement the assumed international obligations. © 14th International Scientific Conference WoodEMA 2021 - The Response of the Forest-Based Sector to Changes in the Global Economy, Proceedings. All rights reserved

Experience of the Russian federation in joining strategic planning of the global forest sector

In the context of globalization of forest policy, long-term planning is becoming one of the most important tools for sustainable forest management at the national and regional levels. This thesis is confirmed by the experience of international organizations, such as Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO UN), World Bank (WB), European Forest Institute (EFI) and others. These organizations make a great contribution for the creation of methodologies for long-term planning (forecasting) of the global forest sector as well as practical recommendations for individual countries. These recommendations are aimed at the efficient use of forest resources based on a balance of economic, environmental and social interests of society. Intensive development of the forest sector requires mechanisms that will allow managing forest potential through increased profitability and improved natural forest conditions. A concept of long-term planning should lead to a mechanism for intensive development of the forest sector, taking into account regional factors. Certain attempts to change approaches to long-term planning were made by the FAO project “The Russian Federation Forest Sector Outlook Study to 2030”. The outlook was prepared by the Russian scientists on the basis of methodological recommendations used by the UN FAO in the global and regional forest sector forecasts. The main novelty of the Russian outlook was orientation on domestic and export demand, estimated with models and expert evaluations. Forest sector alternative scenarios were designed on the basis of balance of goals and resources. However, resources supply was not guaranteed. The Russian forest sector outlook, which was supported by the FAO, has received wide international appreciation. Unfortunately, it did not become an official strategic planning document in the Russian Federation. Its development was not directly ordered by the Russian federal government. © Forest-Based Industries in the Global Economy .All right reserved

Ethical issues of organ donation after cardiac death

There is renewal of interests to the organs that could be obtained from asystolic donors. Our goal was to identify ethical issues raised by attempts of classification  and terms such kind of organ donors depended on time and place of cardiac arrest.  Based only on the reasoning of medical experts group these principles going to be  routine State policy. That followed by erased roles of physicians and misleading the  meaning or organ transplant program. From our point of view there should be clear  opposite position between death and life in order to initiate organ procurement  activity. That is possible only in case of artificial blood supply for preserving  transplant-to-be-organs after relevant time between cardiac arrest and start of such kind of perfusion procedure

Robotic milking implementation in the Sverdlovsk region

The research topic is relevant due to a high rate of the implementation of milking robots (automatic milking system, AMS) in Western Europe and in the Middle Urals. As of January 1, 2016, 21 milking robot systems of six different brands of foreign production were installed in the region. Milking robotics is used in small, medium and large enterprises (by the number of personnel), in contrast to Western Europe, where it is mainly used on the farms of family type. The article examines the socioeconomic causes of the introduction of robotics, as well as the impact of the use of robots to the economic indicators of milk production. The expert survey has revealed as the main reasons for the introduction of robotics, a desire to reduce the risks of personnel (45.5 %) and a shortage of staff (18.2 %). The analysis of the utilization efficiency of fixed assets in all organizations introduced robots has shown both a decrease of capital productivity after the introduction of milking robots for 15-60 % or more, and the reduce of the profit rate in 9 out of 11 of the analysed organizations because of the high capital intensity of robotics projects. The analysis of labour indicators and the net cost of milk is carried out in 45.5 % of organizations, where we have obtained the consistent results of the use of robotics. The authors have analysed the direct costs for the production of 1 quintal of milk. In a group of 5 companies, on a robotic farm, it is 5.1 % lower than in a conventional farm. The complexity of the production of milk on a robotic farm is lower by 48.7 %, and labour productivity per person is higher on 95.3 % than on conventional farms. The results of the study can be used as the recommendations for agricultural organizations to use robotics milking to reduce the deficit of staff and to minimize the impact of personnel risks on production results. The growth of the importance of the reasons for the introduction of milking robots and a high capital intensity of import robotics can justify the need for a national milking robotics.Рассмотрены социально-экономические причины внедрения робототехники, а также влияние использования роботов на экономические показатели производства молока в сельскохозяйственных организациях Свердловской области. Представлена динамика доильной робототехники и характеристика организаций, использующих роботов