The problem of GNSS positioning with measurements recorded using Android mobile devices

The current work presents the issue of determining the position of the observer using measurements registered with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers that Android mobile devices are equipped with. The discussed questions concern using GNSS measurement data, which have been made available in the Android system since version 7.0. The present paper has the character of a review. It demonstrates how measurement data can be obtained via Application Programming Interface. Moreover, it discusses the available software that can be for registering measurements and their initial analysis. Subsequently, it reviews scientific works concerning the problem of positioning with the use of smartphones. Special emphasis was placed on tests consisting in an analysis of phase observations registered using dual-frequency receivers. The summary of the article presents the prospects for using mobile devices in precise point positioning. It also points out the limitations to achieving high accuracy and reliability of such measurements

Flora de Grão-Mogol, Minas Gerais: Sapotaceae.

1. Micropholis (Griseb.) Pierre. 2. Pouteria Aubl

Language Rights in the Light of International Law

This paper examines language rights in the light of international law instruments. The paper contends that although international law provides for a number of language rights only very few of them can be regarded as universal human rights. First, the paper describes the purpose of language rights protection. Second, it analyses the scope of language rights protection and distinguishes between individual and collective language rights. Third, three basic categories of individual rights addressing language questions are analysed, i.e. procedural linguistic human rights, freedom of expression and nondiscrimination on the grounds of language. Next, language rights of persons belonging to minorities are examined. Finally, the paper concludes that under international law language rights which are universal human rights include linguistic aspects of the right to a fair trial and the right to liberty and security as well as the right of non-discrimination on the grounds of language use in private sphere. The language rights protected otherwise do not fall within the category of human rights and their protection is not universal

Literary narratives on collections

Artykuł dotyczy kolekcji i kolekcjonowania jako motywu literackiego. Badania nad tą problematyką powinny zostać podejmowane przez literaturoznawców, gdyż kolekcje wspomagają charakterystykę postaci literackich i nadają bohaterom tożsamość. Utworem, który pod tym kątem poddano analizie jest Pieniądz. Powieść z obcego życia Andrzeja Struga z 1914 roku. Zinterpretowano, opisane w nim trzy różne kolekcje i trzech różnych kolekcjonerów: muzeum kamieni i ekscentrycznych Lyttonów, drogocenną kolekcję biżuterii Lucy Slazenger oraz kolekcję dzieł sztuki Osiasa Murwaya, amatora starożytności.The article deals with collections and collecting as a literary theme. Research on this issue should be undertaken by literary scholars, as collections support the features of literary characters and give protagonists their identity. The work analysed from this angle is Money by Andrzej Strug from 1914. It interprets and describes three different collections and three different collectors: the eccentric Lyttons and their museum of stones, Lucy Slazenger’s precious jewellery collection and the art collection of Osias Murway, an enthusiast of antiquities

The Status of English in the European Union after Brexit

The aims of the article are to analyse the legal status of English after Brexit and present possible scenarios for this language in the post-Brexit Union. Firstly, the article highlights the status of languages in the EU and depicts three major categories of languages in the EU: Treaty languages, official and working languages. Secondly, the article analyses two possible scenarios for retaining the official and working status of English through notifications by Ireland and Malta. Thirdly, the paper focuses on the third scenario of introducing English as a single EU official language. Finally, the article outlines the status quo of English in the EU after UK’s withdrawal from the EU. It concludes that English is likely to remain the official and working language of the EU as a result of proper notification made by either Ireland or Malta

Markers of social movement success: The case of Dominican citizenship after Resolution 12

Social movements are the basis for social change, started when a group challenges political authority and ending when its goals have finally been met. Social movement theory names many factors commonly found in social movements such as movement structure, leadership, framing, symbolic representation, resources, transnational activism, political opportunity, and media coverage, as well as many indicators of success including advocacy, public awareness, and policy change. It is vital to understand the indicators of success and their interplay within the movement to evaluate how a movement achieved success. This thesis seeks to examine these eight factors within the social movement MONDHA, or the Movimiento por los Derechos Humanos, la Paz, y la Justicia Global, located in the Dominican Republic. This social movement started to protest the implementation of Resolution 12, which has revoked the citizenship of a large group of Dominicans of Haitian descent. The factors were assessed through a semi-structured interview process with members of the movement in a weeklong fieldwork trip. Results indicate that while the organization has not achieved policy change, it was quite successful in meeting its interim goals, such as public awareness. The research also points to the varying influence of each factor on success. Some factors at once promoted interim goals and hindered policy change. More research must be done in order to study how these factors play out in different populations in order to make better assessments of future social movements