THE ORAL NARRATIVE OF THE FOLK OF GORANCI ABOUT CHURCH CONSTRUCTION

Nakon osmanskog osvajanja Bosne i Hercegovine na sve načine su zatirani tragovi kršćanske vjere, rušenjem crkava, progonom i ubijanjem fratara te maltretiranjem i ponižavanjem onih koji su nastavili živjeti u duhu svoje vjere. Poslije slabljenja Osmanskog Carstva, dobivaju se prve dozvole za obnovu starih i pravljenje novih crkava, tako je obnovljen samostan u Mostaru, a 1871. godine počinje izgradnja crkve u Gorancima. Radost puka u ovim krajevima zbog izgradnje crkve je bila nemjerljiva i svako je nesebično pomagao u samoj gradnji. O tim događanjima u puku Goranaca postoje mnoge predaje koje govore o samoj gradnji crkve i događajima koji svjedoče o patnjama puka toga kraja pod osmanskom okupacijom.After Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina traces of Catholic religion were exterminated by devastating churches, prosecution and killing of friars, mistreating and humiliating those who continued to live in the spirit of their religion. The first permissions for renovating the old and building the new churches were given after weakening of Ottoman Empire. The monastery in Mostar was renovated in that way and in 1871 building of the church in Goranci was started what caused immeasurable joy of people in these areas and almost everybody unselfishly helped in the construction. There are many traditions about happenings in Goranci and they speak about the church construction as well as events which testify about suffering of people of this area under Ottoman occupation

THE ORAL NARRATIVE OF THE FOLK OF GORANCI ABOUT CHURCH CONSTRUCTION

Nakon osmanskog osvajanja Bosne i Hercegovine na sve načine su zatirani tragovi kršćanske vjere, rušenjem crkava, progonom i ubijanjem fratara te maltretiranjem i ponižavanjem onih koji su nastavili živjeti u duhu svoje vjere. Poslije slabljenja Osmanskog Carstva, dobivaju se prve dozvole za obnovu starih i pravljenje novih crkava, tako je obnovljen samostan u Mostaru, a 1871. godine počinje izgradnja crkve u Gorancima. Radost puka u ovim krajevima zbog izgradnje crkve je bila nemjerljiva i svako je nesebično pomagao u samoj gradnji. O tim događanjima u puku Goranaca postoje mnoge predaje koje govore o samoj gradnji crkve i događajima koji svjedoče o patnjama puka toga kraja pod osmanskom okupacijom.After Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina traces of Catholic religion were exterminated by devastating churches, prosecution and killing of friars, mistreating and humiliating those who continued to live in the spirit of their religion. The first permissions for renovating the old and building the new churches were given after weakening of Ottoman Empire. The monastery in Mostar was renovated in that way and in 1871 building of the church in Goranci was started what caused immeasurable joy of people in these areas and almost everybody unselfishly helped in the construction. There are many traditions about happenings in Goranci and they speak about the church construction as well as events which testify about suffering of people of this area under Ottoman occupation

Logistics Aspect of Offshore Support Vessels on the West Africa Market

With the rapidly increasing global energy needs, offshore oil production has become an attractive source of energy. Supplying offshore oil production installations is a complex logistics problem that hinges on many factors with significant uncertainties. So, it is critical to provide the necessary supplies and services without interruption. In a typical offshore oil production effort, oil companies charter most or all drilling units as well as offshore supply vessels (OSV). The type and duration of charter contract has direct impact on the project budget as vessels market is closely correlated with the world market crude oil price which can have daily significant fluctuations. As the region of West Africa is one of the world’s busiest offshore exploration and oil production markets employing 12% of the world’s fleet, exploring its issues, was taken to study the relations between daily OSV rates and crude oil price. The research results presented in this paper show correlation between OSV daily rates and crude oil price with broader fluctuations in crude oil price. </p

Seafarer Market – Challenges for the Future

In today’s seafarer market, one of the key problems is the lack of seafarers, especially experienced officers. Although the global supply of officers is increasing steadily, the demand is still higher than the supply. An additional problem is that an increased demand may lead to a decreased quality of education. Ships and shipping technology in general have become more advanced and require well educated and trained personnel. In addition, over the next several decades it is expected that partially or fully autonomous vessels will be in commercial use, and this will require significant changes in the education and training of crew members. So, regarding the education of seafarers, the main future challenges include the ways of ensuring sufficient supply of seafarers, especially well-trained officers, and adapting the education systems for the upcoming introduction of autonomous ships. This paper analyzes the present situation of the seafarers and shipping market, and provides forecast for the near future. Also, the main challenges in the education and training of seafarers will refer to observing the recommendations for improvement and adaptation to future demands

LAŽNE VIJESTI KAO DIO (DEZ)INFORMACIJSKE STRATEGIJE S CILJEM UTJECAJA NA JAVNO ZNANJE

Suvremeno društvo ili informacijsko doba pogođeno je nizom različitih izazova, a jedan je od njih fenomen fake newsa – lažnih vijesti koje preplavljuje medijski, ali i čitav informacijski prostor. Lažne vijesti najjednostavnije se mogu prikazati kao metoda manipuliranja javnosti kroz razumsku i emocionalnu sferu. Informacijsko-tehnološki razvoj, pojava novih medija, niz društvenih mreža, različitih videokanala doveli su do širenja velikoga broja dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti. U radu ćemo prikazati upotrebu medija kao sredstva utjecaja na prostor javnoga znanja putem širenja lažnih vijesti, a koje su dio smišljene dezinformacijske strategije. Mediji širenjem različitih vidova informacija od dezinformacija, lažnih vijesti i pogrešnih informacija utječu na razumski i emocionalni dio javnosti čime dovode do promjena mišljenja i stavova. Bosna i Hercegovina kao složeno i podijeljeno društvo nema jedinstven medijski prostor te je njezin razjedinjeni medijski prostor (online mediji najviše) podložan širenju mnoštva dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti. Cilj je rada prikazati medijski utjecaj na prostor javnoga znanja uporabom raznih oblikovanih informacija radi ostvarivanja dezinformacijskoga utjecaja te uporabom lažnih vijesti s namjerom ostvarivanja različitih oblika interesa određenih političkih grupacija. Borba protiv raznih vidova informacija kao širega prostora (dez)informacijske strategije jest neprestana koja ima za cilj otkriti namjere provoditelja informacijskih strategija i otkrivanje lažnih vijesti koje su samo jedan dio dugoročno obmanjujuće strategije. Svi članovi društva moraju imati osnovna znanja u prepoznavanju informacija koje nisu u službi činjeničnoga informiranja nego u službi pseudoistine koja nastoji nadvladati istinu i proširiti područje djelovanja lažnih vijesti

Human error analysis in dynamic positioning incidents according to the nature of the operations in progress

Human errors are known to contribute to incidents in the maritime industry. Although the dynamic positioning operator has to undergo a standard training schedule before becoming a full operator, human errors contribute to 20% of the incidents in dynamic positioning operations. This research aims to investigate which dynamic positioning operations have a more considerable percentage of human errors. With a 266 dynamic positioning incidents database, different offshore operations are classified and then cross-tabulated with the human causes, classified as either primary or secondary cause as described in the incident report. The results and discussion present that drilling and diving operations are significantly correlated with human causes. This study's results could help provide better directions for the training schedule, proposing simulator exercises based on these scenarios.Peer Reviewe

THE INFLUENCE OF NETWORKED SOCIETY ONTO LIBRARIES – DIGITALIZATION OF LIBRARY ARCHIVES

S razvojem tehnologije i ulaskom u globalno doba dolazi do potrebe za izmjenama i unutar knjižnica kao stupova društva. Knjižnice su s izmjenama u informacijskoj, komunikacijskoj i prije svega u tehnološkoj sferi zahtijevale brzu prilagodbu novu načinu rada. Digitalizacija knjižnične građe koja se obrađuje u radu dugotrajan je i financijski i stručno zahtjevan proces koji treba doprinijeti poboljšanju rada knjižnica, pomoći korisnicima, poboljšati informacijsko opismenjavanje te potaknuti niz drugih čimbenika. Znanstvena zajednica, ali i šira društvena zajednica, s procesom digitalizacije imala bi veći pristup informacijama, a time i mogućnost usvajanja većega znanja. Da bismo govorili o procesu digitalizacije i njegovim prednostima, moramo prvo razlikovati pojmove poput digitalne knjižnice, hibridne knjižnice i elektroničke knjižnice, što ovaj rad i prikazuje. Bez potpora vlada, međunarodnih organizacija i raznih drugih pokrovitelja knjižnice ne mogu postati spoj kulture, obrazovanja, znanosti i cjelokupnoga razvoja. Kroz pregled povijesnoga nastanka i razvoja digitalnih knjižnica možemo uočiti da su najvećim dijelom digitalizirana djela prije 20. stoljeća, a jedan od uzroka tomu je autorsko pravo koje onemogućava digitalizaciju djela 20. i 21. stoljeća bez autorova pristanka. Rad navodi niz prednosti digitalizacije knjižnične građe od očuvanja intelektualnoga sadržaja, smanjivanja mehaničkoga oštećenja, uštede prostora, povećanja dostupnosti građe, učestalosti korištenja građe itd. Da bi se građa digitalizirala, autori prema nizu različitih stručnjaka navode koji su to elementi koje treba uzeti u obzir prilikom postupka digitalizacije. Djela siročad, djela bez autora, najveći su problem u procesu digitalizacije i procesu stvaranja digitalnih knjižnica. Direktiva koja je donesena na razini Europske unije vezana za ova djela još uvijek nije usvojena iako bi doprinijela postupku digitalizacije i dostupnosti takvih djela. Dio rada govori i o pojmu e-knjige, njezinu nastanku, definiranju, prednostima, ali i nedostatcima te formalnim i intelektualnim obilježjima e-knjige. Istraživački dio rada govori o trima velikim projektima digitalizacije na svjetskoj razini: o projektu Gutenberg, Million Book i Google Books. Kroz ove projekte započeo je velik projekt masovne digitalizacije knjižnične građe. Motiv ovih projekata bio je omogućavanje dostupnosti građe i informacija korisnicima.With the technological development and having entered the global age we are faced with a need to change the libraries too, libraries as the pillars of the society. Considering the changes in the information, communication and above all technological sphere there was a need for the libraries for a quick adjustment to the new ways of working. Digitalization of library archives, which is discussed in this paper, is a long and financially and professionally engaging process that is supposed to contribute to the efficiency of the libraries, help the users, advance information knowledge and prompt a number of other factors. Through the digitalization process the scientific community, as well as society as a whole, would have a larger information access, meaning possibility of acquiring more knowledge. In order to speak of the digitalization process and its advantages, we should first differenciate between the terms like digital library, hybrid library and electronic library, which this paper offers an overview of. Without the help of governments, international organizations and various other sponsors libraries cannot become an important factor in culture, education, science and overal development. Looking through the overview of historical development of the digital libraries, we can notice that it is mostly 20th ct. works that are digitalized. One of the reasons is the copyright that prevents digitalization of the 20th and 21st ct. works without the author’s consent. The paper enumerates a number of advantages of the digitalization of library archives like intelectual content protection, smaller mechanical damages, space saving, larger access to the materials, frequency of usage of the archives,etc. According to a number of experts, the authors of this paper state the elements that should be taken into consideration in order to digitalize the archives. Orphan works, works without an author, are the largest problem in the digitalization process and the process of making digital libraries. A directive made at the level of EU is still not implemented although it would contribute to the digitalization process and availability of such works. A part of this paper is also about the term e-book, its etymology, definition, advantages and disadvantages, as well as about formal and intelectual properties of an e-book. The reseach part of the paper focuses onto three large digitalization processes in the world: Gutenberg project, Million Book and Google Books. These projects initiated the project of mass digitalization of the library archives. The motiv of these projects was to enable the users to have access to the archives and information

THE INFLUENCE OF NETWORKED SOCIETY ONTO LIBRARIES – DIGITALIZATION OF LIBRARY ARCHIVES

S razvojem tehnologije i ulaskom u globalno doba dolazi do potrebe za izmjenama i unutar knjižnica kao stupova društva. Knjižnice su s izmjenama u informacijskoj, komunikacijskoj i prije svega u tehnološkoj sferi zahtijevale brzu prilagodbu novu načinu rada. Digitalizacija knjižnične građe koja se obrađuje u radu dugotrajan je i financijski i stručno zahtjevan proces koji treba doprinijeti poboljšanju rada knjižnica, pomoći korisnicima, poboljšati informacijsko opismenjavanje te potaknuti niz drugih čimbenika. Znanstvena zajednica, ali i šira društvena zajednica, s procesom digitalizacije imala bi veći pristup informacijama, a time i mogućnost usvajanja većega znanja. Da bismo govorili o procesu digitalizacije i njegovim prednostima, moramo prvo razlikovati pojmove poput digitalne knjižnice, hibridne knjižnice i elektroničke knjižnice, što ovaj rad i prikazuje. Bez potpora vlada, međunarodnih organizacija i raznih drugih pokrovitelja knjižnice ne mogu postati spoj kulture, obrazovanja, znanosti i cjelokupnoga razvoja. Kroz pregled povijesnoga nastanka i razvoja digitalnih knjižnica možemo uočiti da su najvećim dijelom digitalizirana djela prije 20. stoljeća, a jedan od uzroka tomu je autorsko pravo koje onemogućava digitalizaciju djela 20. i 21. stoljeća bez autorova pristanka. Rad navodi niz prednosti digitalizacije knjižnične građe od očuvanja intelektualnoga sadržaja, smanjivanja mehaničkoga oštećenja, uštede prostora, povećanja dostupnosti građe, učestalosti korištenja građe itd. Da bi se građa digitalizirala, autori prema nizu različitih stručnjaka navode koji su to elementi koje treba uzeti u obzir prilikom postupka digitalizacije. Djela siročad, djela bez autora, najveći su problem u procesu digitalizacije i procesu stvaranja digitalnih knjižnica. Direktiva koja je donesena na razini Europske unije vezana za ova djela još uvijek nije usvojena iako bi doprinijela postupku digitalizacije i dostupnosti takvih djela. Dio rada govori i o pojmu e-knjige, njezinu nastanku, definiranju, prednostima, ali i nedostatcima te formalnim i intelektualnim obilježjima e-knjige. Istraživački dio rada govori o trima velikim projektima digitalizacije na svjetskoj razini: o projektu Gutenberg, Million Book i Google Books. Kroz ove projekte započeo je velik projekt masovne digitalizacije knjižnične građe. Motiv ovih projekata bio je omogućavanje dostupnosti građe i informacija korisnicima.With the technological development and having entered the global age we are faced with a need to change the libraries too, libraries as the pillars of the society. Considering the changes in the information, communication and above all technological sphere there was a need for the libraries for a quick adjustment to the new ways of working. Digitalization of library archives, which is discussed in this paper, is a long and financially and professionally engaging process that is supposed to contribute to the efficiency of the libraries, help the users, advance information knowledge and prompt a number of other factors. Through the digitalization process the scientific community, as well as society as a whole, would have a larger information access, meaning possibility of acquiring more knowledge. In order to speak of the digitalization process and its advantages, we should first differenciate between the terms like digital library, hybrid library and electronic library, which this paper offers an overview of. Without the help of governments, international organizations and various other sponsors libraries cannot become an important factor in culture, education, science and overal development. Looking through the overview of historical development of the digital libraries, we can notice that it is mostly 20th ct. works that are digitalized. One of the reasons is the copyright that prevents digitalization of the 20th and 21st ct. works without the author’s consent. The paper enumerates a number of advantages of the digitalization of library archives like intelectual content protection, smaller mechanical damages, space saving, larger access to the materials, frequency of usage of the archives,etc. According to a number of experts, the authors of this paper state the elements that should be taken into consideration in order to digitalize the archives. Orphan works, works without an author, are the largest problem in the digitalization process and the process of making digital libraries. A directive made at the level of EU is still not implemented although it would contribute to the digitalization process and availability of such works. A part of this paper is also about the term e-book, its etymology, definition, advantages and disadvantages, as well as about formal and intelectual properties of an e-book. The reseach part of the paper focuses onto three large digitalization processes in the world: Gutenberg project, Million Book and Google Books. These projects initiated the project of mass digitalization of the library archives. The motiv of these projects was to enable the users to have access to the archives and information

Current Exposure of Croatian Population to Ionising Radiation

Od vremena otkrića radioaktivnosti i postepenog ovladavanja i iskorištavanja pojava vezanih uz radioaktivnost razvijala se i ideja o potrebi zaštite od ionizirajućeg zračenja. Zaštita od zračenja razvila se u sustavnu djelatnost, a danas je to razvijena doktrina i znanstvena disciplina koja holističkim pristupom vodi brigu o zračenju, o ljudima izloženima zračenju, ali istodobno i o ljudskom okruženju i o okolini. Razvojni trendovi znanosti o zračenju, zaštite od zračenja i tehnološkog područja koje se njima bavi, neprestano unose nove sastavnice u doktrinu zaštite od zračenja, što novim preporukama dovodi do minimiziranja izlaganja zračenju. Radiološke nesreće dodatno senzibiliziraju ljude na opasnosti od ionizirajućeg zračenja. Nuklearne nesreće, kao ona u Černobilu 1986. godine, postavljaju pred cjelokupnu zajednicu pitanja o granicama doza ionizirajućeg zračenja, kako na lokalnoj tako i na međunarodnoj razini. Svakodnevni intenzivni promet robe, ljudi i usluga dodatno otkriva probleme vezane uz ograničavanja koja su nužna u slučaju mogućih nuklearnih nesreća većih razmjera. No, istodobno postavlja se pitanje i o uspostavi i održavanju jednako vrijednih standarda radiološke zaštite. Brojnim propisima i preporukama pokušava se urediti život i djelatnost ljudi u stvarnom životnom okruženju na način da se minimiziraju rizici i očuva radiološka čistoća habitata. Institut za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada iz Zagreba (IMI) ovlašten je za obavljanje stručnih poslova zaštite od ionizirajućeg zračenja. Suradnici Jedinice za zaštitu od zračenja IMI različitim analitičkim metodama određuju aktivnost bilo kojeg radionuklida u bilo kojem uzorku, kao i doze ionizirajućeg zračenja u bilo kojoj točki prostora. Tako npr. provode gamaspektrometrijske analize uzoraka za utvrđivanje koncentracije aktivnosti radiocezija u uzorcima namirnica, kao i u uzorcima predmeta opće uporabe namijenjenim izvozu ili onih uvezenih u Hrvatsku. Izdaju se mišljenja - certifi kati u kojima se poziva na preporuke i mišljenje Europske zajednice, kao i na nacionalnu legislativu.In theory, limits of radioactive contamination of food should be based on risk analysis, but in practice this procedure is compromised by economic reasons. This paper looks into the EU limits for radiocaesium in foodstuffs after the Chornobyl accident and gives a few examples of effective dose assessment of 137Cs. Croatia has harmonised radiation protection regulations with international and EU standards. This article presents the effective doses in the adult population of Croatia assessed at the Radiation Protection Unit of the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health. The assessment included ingestion, inhalation, and external exposure, and distinguished between radionuclide intake through food, water, and injection in medical procedures. Our results show low 137Cs activity concentrations, which are within limits, even though the radiation standards are very stringent. Therefore, their contribution to the effective dose is very small (<0.1 mSv)