ОСНОВНЫЕ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

In modern social economic and ecologo-hygienic conditions of big cities all age groups of children and adolescents aged 8–15 years present a significant decrease of functional indicators (muscle force of the right hand) in comparison with their peers of 60s and 80s of the XX century. The similar findings occur in other regions and age groups. The analysis of the reasons of this phenomenon is one of key problems for researches.В современных социально-экономических и эколого-гигиенических условиях крупного города отмечается существенное изменение морфофункционального состояния детей и подростков во всех возрастных группах от 8 до 15 лет по сравнению со сверстниками 60-х и 80-х гг. прошлого столетия. Серьезные опасения вызывает резкое снижение мышечной силы кистей рук на фоне увеличения тотальных размеров тела и ускорения биологического развития. Подобная картина наблюдается в других регионах страны, а также в других возрастных группах. Дальнейший анализ причин этого явления один из основных вопросов, стоящих перед исследователями.

EVALUATION COMPREHENSION OF THE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT PHYSICAL GROWTH IN THE COURSE OF THE POPULATION RESEARCH

The urgency of the given research is intimately related to the necessity to choose the comprehension approaches to the evaluation of the children's physical growth, which may be applied in monitoring of the children collectives health status, planning and performance of the preventive and sanitary events at the group and population levels. The authors studied the socially different children collectives and examined 3,600 children and adolescents. They showed that the use of the regional modified regression scales, complex schemes and centile tables, i.e. regional standards based approaches to the evaluation of the physical growth would be comprehensive for the physical growth features of the children collectives subject to ethnic, climate and geographic as well as social and economic differences.Key words: physical growth, evaluation approaches, children, adolescents.</strong

EVALUATION COMPREHENSION OF THE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT PHYSICAL GROWTH IN THE COURSE OF THE POPULATION RESEARCH

The urgency of the given research is intimately related to the necessity to choose the comprehension approaches to the evaluation of the children's physical growth, which may be applied in monitoring of the children collectives health status, planning and performance of the preventive and sanitary events at the group and population levels. The authors studied the socially different children collectives and examined 3,600 children and adolescents. They showed that the use of the regional modified regression scales, complex schemes and centile tables, i.e. regional standards based approaches to the evaluation of the physical growth would be comprehensive for the physical growth features of the children collectives subject to ethnic, climate and geographic as well as social and economic differences.Key words: physical growth, evaluation approaches, children, adolescents

Routine use of mobile electronic devises by schoolchildren and students and its correction by hygienic education

Many research works have described negative effects produced by use of electronic devices, mobile ones (smartphone, tablets) included, on children, adolescents and youth. However, the problem has many aspects and not all of them have been explored profoundly. In this study, our aim was to conduct hygienic assessment of routine use of mobile electronic devices by schoolchildren and students and to give grounds for its correction by hygienic education. By conducting a survey, we obtained data on use of mobile electronic devices by 1218 schoolchildren and students both in their educational and spare time activities and created a profile of a work and rest routine when working with mobile electronic devices. 943 students and schoolchildren were examined by an ophthalmologist. Next, issues related to hygienic education were integrated into the training program for medical students at the Hygiene Department of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. The emphasis was on creating a safe routine of using mobile electronic devices. Schoolchildren and students who adhered to a healthy work and rest routine when working with mobile electronic devices complained about health disorders authentically less frequently (p ≤ 0.05).We established a statistically significant relative risk for visual acuity if schoolchildren and students did not pursue a safe routine of using mobile electronic devices. Its level was RR = 3.07 (95 % CI =1.88–5.03). By the end of hygienic studies with their focus on creating a safe routine of using mobile electronic devices, medical students had an authentic (p ≤ 0.05) increase in visual acuity due to decline in such states as routine accommodative excess and pre-myopia. Work and rest routines accepted by children, adolescents and youth when they use mobile electronic devices are a manageable risk factor of health disorders in these population groups. This study shows that hygienic education may be quite effective for correcting a routine of using mobile electronic devices by schoolchildren and students