4 research outputs found

    Determination of pH in pre rigor fish muscle - method matters

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    This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology on 06.04.2020, available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10498850.2020.1748781.The determination of post mortem muscle pH are often carried out in studies on how pre-slaughter handling influences the development of rigor mortis and the quality of the fish products. The analysis might be performed by inserting a pH-electrode into the intact flesh or using a suspension containing a minced muscle sample. Although it has been known for a long time that mincing muscle tissue accelerates glycolysis and breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), more recent studies quite commonly determine pH after mincing pre rigor muscle without including an enzyme inhibitor that arrests glycolysis. This may have resulted in anomalously low pre rigor muscle pH. The aim of the present work was to compare the two methods of pH determination in pre rigor fish muscle and to highlight the importance of including the enzyme inhibitor when homogenizing pre rigor fish muscle prior to pH analysis

    MĂ„ling av pH i pre-rigor fiskemuskel. En analytisk utfordring

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    I post mortem fiskemuskel kan mĂ„ling av muskel-pH benyttes som en enkel metode for Ă„ vurdere bĂ„de slakteprosedyre og kvaliteten pĂ„ muskelkjĂžttet. Dette ettersom pH kan pĂ„virke egenskaper som filetspalting, tekstur, fasthet, drypptap og farge. I de fleste studier er muskel-pH enten bestemt ved Ă„ mĂ„le direkte i intakt muskel med stikkelektrode, alternativet er Ă„ homogenisere muskel i en vannbasert vĂŠske fĂžr mĂ„ling. Da sistnevnte metode ble utviklet var det vanlig Ă„ tilsette natriumiodoacetat i lĂžsningen for Ă„ blokkere glykolysen. Det ble gjort fordi hastigheten pĂ„ glykolysen akselererer kraftig nĂ„r muskelen males opp, som igjen fĂžrer til reduksjon i pH. Tilsetningen av enzymhemmer er viktigst ved undersĂžkelse av fiskemuskel pre-rigor ettersom det i post-rigor muskel er lite eller ingen metabolsk aktivitet. I flere nyere publikasjoner hvor det har vĂŠrt undersĂžkt pH i pre-rigor fiskemuskel, har ikke denne enzymhemmeren vĂŠrt tilsatt. Dette har sannsynligvis fĂžrt til rapportering av for lave pH-verdier i fiskemuskel i pre-rigor. MĂ„let med oppgaven var Ă„ undersĂžke hvordan pH i post mortem fiskemuskel i pre-rigor-fase utviklet seg ved homogenisering av muskel med og uten tilsetning av enzymhemmer. Som kontroll ble muskel-pH mĂ„lt med stikkelektrode i muskelen. Resultatene viser at ved tid 0 er pH allerede redusert fra 0,2-0,3 enheter i homogenatene bĂ„de med og uten natriumiodoacetat. Dette indikerer at allerede i oppmalingsĂžyeblikket, fĂžr enzymhemmeren har fĂ„tt virke, sĂ„ har pH- reduksjonen startet. I fiskemuskel oppmalt uten tilsatt enzymhemmer reduseres pH raskt den fĂžrste timen etter homogenisering, deretter stabiliserer den seg. I kontrast til pH i muskel homogenisert i tilstedevĂŠrelse av natriumiodoacetat, hvor pH holder seg stabil fra tid 0 og gjennom lagringsperioden pĂ„ 48 timer. ̈Endelig ̈ muskel-pH i homogenat tilsatt kun 0,15 M KCl er mye hĂžyere enn hva man fĂ„r ved Ă„ bruke stikkelektrode. Hovedkonklusjonen ble at homogenisering av muskel er lite egnet for mĂ„ling av pH i pre-rigor muskel. Bruk av stikkelektrode som skader vevet minst mulig anbefales

    Endocrine and Transcriptome Changes Associated with Testicular Growth and Differentiation in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i> L.)

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    Sexual maturation of Atlantic salmon males is marked by dramatic endocrine changes and rapid growth of the testes, resulting in an increase in the gonad somatic index (GSI). We examined the association of gonadal growth with serum sex steroids, as well as pituitary and testicular gene expression levels, which were assessed with a DNA oligonucleotide microarray. The testes transcriptome was stable in males with a GSI < 0.08% despite the large difference between the smallest and the largest gonads. Fish with a GSI ≄ 0.23% had 7–17 times higher serum levels of five male steroids and a 2-fold increase in progesterone, without a change in cortisol and related steroids. The pituitary transcriptome showed an upregulation of the hormone-coding genes that control reproduction and behavior, and structural rearrangement was indicated by the genes involved in synaptic transmission and the differentiation of neurons. The observed changes in the abundance of testicular transcripts were caused by the regulation of transcription and/or disproportional growth, with a greater increase in the germinative compartment. As these factors could not be separated, the transcriptome results are presented as higher or lower specific activities (HSA and LSA). LSA was observed in 4268 genes, including many genes involved in various immune responses and developmental processes. LSA also included genes with roles in female reproduction, germinal cell maintenance and gonad development, responses to endocrine and neural regulation, and the biosynthesis of sex steroids. Two functional groups prevailed among HSA: structure and activity of the cilia (95 genes) and meiosis (34 genes). The puberty of A. salmon testis is marked by the predominance of spermatogenesis, which displaces other processes; masculinization; and the weakening of external regulation. Results confirmed the known roles of many genes involved in reproduction and pointed to uncharacterized genes that deserve attention as possible regulators of sexual maturation
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