381 research outputs found
Computational Methods for the Alignment and Score-Informed Transcription of Piano Music
PhDThis thesis is concerned with computational methods for alignment and score-informed
transcription of piano music. Firstly, several methods are proposed to improve the alignment
robustness and accuracywhen various versions of one piece of music showcomplex
differences with respect to acoustic conditions or musical interpretation. Secondly, score
to performance alignment is applied to enable score-informed transcription.
Although music alignment methods have considerably improved in accuracy in recent
years, the task remains challenging. The research in this thesis aims to improve the
robustness for some cases where there are substantial differences between versions and
state-of-the-art methods may fail in identifying a correct alignment. This thesis first exploits
the availability of multiple versions of the piece to be aligned. By processing these
jointly, the alignment process can be stabilised by exploiting additional examples of how
a section might be interpreted or which acoustic conditions may arise. Two methods are
proposed, progressive alignment and profile HMM, both adapted from the multiple biological
sequence alignment task. Experiments demonstrate that these methods can indeed
improve the alignment accuracy and robustness over comparable pairwise methods.
Secondly, this thesis presents a score to performance alignment method that can improve
the robustness in cases where some musical voices, such as the melody, are played asynchronously
to others – a stylistic device used in musical expression. The asynchronies between
the melody and the accompaniment are handled by treating the voices as separate
timelines in a multi-dimensional variant of dynamic time warping (DTW). The method
measurably improves the alignment accuracy for pieces with asynchronous voices and
preserves the accuracy otherwise.
Once an accurate alignment between a score and an audio recording is available, the
score information can be exploited as prior knowledge in automatic music transcription
(AMT), for scenarios where score is available, such as music tutoring. Score-informed dictionary
learning is used to learn the spectral pattern of each pitch that describes the energy
distribution of the associated notes in the recording. More precisely, the dictionary learning
process in non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is constrained using the aligned
score. This way, by adapting the dictionary to a given recording, the proposed method
improves the accuracy over the state-of-the-art.China Scholarship Council
Thermal Performance Analysis of Lithium Battery Thermal Management System for New Energy Vehicles
The battery of new energy vehicle is the core part of the whole vehicle.By analyzing the thermal management system of lithium
battery,the service life, safety and performance of lithium battery can be effectively improved. The thermal management of lithium battery is
related to its temperature, which also determines the battery capacity, heat consumption rate, battery state working voltage and other impor_x005ftant parameters of lithium battery. Therefore, the thermal management of battery is particularly important for the performance of sexual energy vehicles.This paper will introduce the composition of the battery system,analyze the current research situation of the thermal management
system of lithium battery packs in new energy vehicles for civil use, and look forward to the future development direction of the thermal
management system of lithium battery packs in new energy vehicles
"There is a Job Prepared for Me Here": Understanding How Short Video and Live-streaming Platforms Empower Ageing Job Seekers in China
In recent years, the global unemployment rate has remained persistently high.
Compounding this issue, the ageing population in China often encounters
additional challenges in finding employment due to prevalent age discrimination
in daily life. However, with the advent of social media, there has been a rise
in the popularity of short videos and live-streams for recruiting ageing
workers. To better understand the motivations of ageing job seekers to engage
with these video-based recruitment methods and to explore the extent to which
such platforms can empower them, we conducted an interview-based study with
ageing job seekers who have had exposure to these short recruitment videos and
live-streaming channels. Our findings reveal that these platforms can provide a
job-seeking choice that is particularly friendly to ageing job seekers,
effectively improving their disadvantaged situation.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures; Accepted to ACM CHI 2024. In Proceedings of the
2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'24
Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in Alcohol-Induced Tumor Promotion
Excessive chronic alcohol consumption has become a worldwide health problem. The oncogenic effect of chronic alcohol consumption is one of the leading concerns. The mechanisms of alcohol-induced tumorigenesis and tumor progression are largely unknown, although many factors have been implicated in the process. This review discusses the recent progress in this research area with concentration on alcohol-induced dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines. Based on the available evidence, we propose that alcohol promotes tumor progression by the dysregulation of the cytokine/chemokine system. In addition, we discuss specific transcription factors and signaling pathways that are involved in the action of these cytokines/chemokines and the oncogenic effect of alcohol. This review provides novel insight into the mechanisms of alcohol-induced tumor promotion
Analysis of OAM Mode Purity in Phased Array Antenna
In this paper, the orbital angular momentum of different modes in electric field is decomposed, and the definition of purity of OAM mode in OAM antenna are proposed. Based on the purity theory, the purity of circular array is derived. And the effects of different parameters on the purity are analyzed. An intuitive and quantifiable dimension for comparing the OAM performance in phased array antenna is provided in this paper
"It Felt Like Having a Second Mind": Investigating Human-AI Co-creativity in Prewriting with Large Language Models
Prewriting is the process of discovering and developing ideas before a first
draft, which requires divergent thinking and often implies unstructured
strategies such as diagramming, outlining, free-writing, etc. Although large
language models (LLMs) have been demonstrated to be useful for a variety of
tasks including creative writing, little is known about how users would
collaborate with LLMs to support prewriting. The preferred collaborative role
and initiative of LLMs during such a creativity process is also unclear. To
investigate human-LLM collaboration patterns and dynamics during prewriting, we
conducted a three-session qualitative study with 15 participants in two
creative tasks: story writing and slogan writing. The findings indicated that
during collaborative prewriting, there appears to be a three-stage iterative
Human-AI Co-creativity process that includes Ideation, Illumination, and
Implementation stages. This collaborative process champions the human in a
dominant role, in addition to mixed and shifting levels of initiative that
exist between humans and LLMs. This research also reports on collaboration
breakdowns that occur during this process, user perceptions of using existing
LLMs during Human-AI Co-creativity, and discusses design implications to
support this co-creativity process.Comment: Under review at CSCW after a Major Revisio
Alcohol Promotes Mammary Tumor Growth through Activation of VEGF-Dependent Tumor Angiogenesis
Alcohol consumption has been recognized as a risk factor for breast cancer. Experimental studies demonstrate that alcohol exposure promotes the progression of existing mammary tumors. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. In the present study, the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in alcohol promotion of breast cancer development was investigated using a mouse xenograft model of mammary tumors and a three-dimensional (3D) tumor/endothelial cell co-culture system. For the mouse xenograft model, mouse E0771 breast cancer cells were implanted into the mammary fat pad of C57BL6 mice. These mice were exposed to alcohol in their drinking water. For the 3D co-culture system, E0771 cells and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells were co-cultured with SVEC4-10EE2 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, respectively. The results demonstrated that alcohol increased tumor angiogenesis and accelerated tumor growth. Furthermore, it appeared that alcohol induced VEGF expression in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Blocking VEGF signaling by SU5416 inhibited tumor angiogenesis in the 3D tumor/endothelial cell co-culture system. Furthermore, injection of SU5416 into mice inhibited alcohol-promoted mammary tumor growth in vivo. These results indicate that alcohol may promote mammary tumor growth by stimulating VEGF-dependent angiogenesis
Alcohol Consumption Promotes Colorectal Carcinoma Metastasis via a CCL5-Induced and AMPK-Pathway-Mediated Activation of Autophagy
There is a definite relationship between alcohol consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We investigated effect of alcohol consumption on CRC patients’ progression and prognosis by utilizing epidemiological data and found patients with alcohol consumption increased risks of tumor-node-metastasis (TNM), organ metastasis and poorer prognosis. Because their tumor tissues displayed increased expression of C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), we hypothesized CCL5 might participate in cancer progression in such patients. Ethanol increased the secretion of CCL5 in two CRC cell lines, HT29 and DLD-1. Treatment with CCL5 directly increased migratory ability of these cells, whereas neutralization or knockdown of CCL5 can partially block alcohol-stimulated migration. We further investigated underlying mechanism of CCL5-induced migration. Our results indicated that effects of CCL5 on migration are mediated by the ability of CCL5 to induce autophagy, a cellular process known to be critical for migration. Using high-throughput sequencing and western blotting, we found induction of autophagy by CCL5 takes place via AMPK pathway. Aforementioned ethanol increases CCL5 secretion, CCL5 activates autophagy through AMPK pathway, and autophagy increases migration was confirmed by experiments with autophagy or AMPK inhibitors. To sum up, our study demonstrates that chronic alcohol consumption may promote metastasis of CRC through CCL5-induced autophagy
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