STUDIES ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTICORROSIVE PROPERTIES OF SYNTHESIZED HYBRID POLYURETHANE COMPOSITES FROM CASTOR SEED OIL

Castor seed oil (Ricinus communis) is a prominent feed stock towards the generation of renewable materials for industrial production. The reach presence of ricinoleic fatty acid at 87.5% provides pendant hydroxyl functional groups, which is an essential site for chemical formulations. This paper presents the synthesis, characterization, and evaluations on antibacterial and anticorrosive activities of synthesized hybrid composites from Ricinus communis seed oil. N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy ethyl)-12-hydroxy Ricinus communis oil fatty amide (HERCA) was synthesized via aminolysis polyol formation route. Upon reacting HERCA with succinic acid at a high temperature of about 145 ºC, a polyesteramide (RCPEA) was formed. This ester product undergoes urethanation and subsequently interfaced with modified hybrid material. The synthesized composites were characterized using spectroscopic methods such as FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. Selected physicochemical parameters were also carried out on the products. Coating performance on cured resins was examined

Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Carbonaceous Oxygen Demand of the Covenant University Sewage Oxidation Pond

Biochemical  Oxygen  Demand  (BOD)  is  a  measure  of  the  dissolved  oxygen consumed  by  microorganisms  during  the  oxidation  of  reduced  substances  in  waters  and wastewaters.  It  is  often  used  ambiguously  in  relation  to  Carbonaceous  Oxygen  Demand CBOD) which is the oxygen consumed during the oxidation of carbonaceous compounds to carbon dioxide (CO2and other oxidized end product. BOD is actually the sum of CBOD and  NBOD  where  NBOD  is  the  Nitrogenous  Oxygen  Demand  which  is  the  oxygen consumed  during  the  oxidation  of  nitrogenous  compounds  (mainly  NH to  nitrates  with nitrites being an unstable intermediate. The major difference between CBOD and NBOD is that there are two classes of bacteria believed to be responsible for the oxidation of reduced nitrogen.  The  BOD value  of  Sewage  samples  collected  from  Covenant  University oxidation  pond  was  therefore  measured  and  the  samples  examined  for  the  presence  of Escherichia coli. The  sewage samples collected from  four points (starting point (A), two middle points (B, C), and end point (D) were inoculated on an Eosin Methylene Blue agar plates  and  the  presence  of  E.  coli  was  confirmed  by  the  appearance  of  greenish metallic sheen colonies on the agar plates and biochemical Tests. The  BOD of the effluent at the different  points  (A,  B,  C,  D)  respectively  showed  a  reduction  in  microbial  load.  The ultimate  CBOD  was  also  estimated  based  on  the  BOD5  value  which  is  based  upon  the exponential (first-order) nature of oxygen demand. This research describes the formulations of CBOD breakdown using simplified oxidation kinetics

Inhibitive properties of Carica papaya leaf extract on Aluminium in 1.85M HCl

The inhibition of aluminium metal corrosion in 1.85 M hydrochloric acid solution using extract of Carica papaya leaf was studied using gasometric technique. Aluminium coupons were immersed in test solutions of un-inhibited 1.85 M HCl and those containing extract concentrations of 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % and 50 % (v/v) at room temperature. The volume of hydrogen gas evolved as a result of the rate of reaction between aluminium coupons and the acid extracts was recorded. The inhibition efficiency of the extract was determined and the adsorption isotherm of the process was estimated using Temkin, Freundlich, Frumkin and Langmuir adsorption theories. The microstructure examination was also determined. The result of the investigation induced that the Carica papaya  leaf extract retarded the acid induced corrosion of aluminium with a reduction in the volume of hydrogen gas evolved per increasing extract concentrations. The adsorption studies revealed Langmuir isotherm as the best model for the adsorption of Carica papaya extract (R2 =1) on aluminium surface. The adsorption result with the microstructure of the coupons implied an involvement of chemisorption process in the interaction of the extract with aluminium metal

Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Carbonaceous Oxygen Demand of the Covenant University Sewage Oxidation Pond

Biochemical  Oxygen  Demand  (BOD)  is  a  measure  of  the  dissolved  oxygen consumed  by  microorganisms  during  the  oxidation  of  reduced  substances  in  waters  and wastewaters.  It  is  often  used  ambiguously  in  relation  to  Carbonaceous  Oxygen  Demand CBOD) which is the oxygen consumed during the oxidation of carbonaceous compounds to carbon dioxide (CO2and other oxidized end product. BOD is actually the sum of CBOD and  NBOD  where  NBOD  is  the  Nitrogenous  Oxygen  Demand  which  is  the  oxygen consumed  during  the  oxidation  of  nitrogenous  compounds  (mainly  NH to  nitrates  with nitrites being an unstable intermediate. The major difference between CBOD and NBOD is that there are two classes of bacteria believed to be responsible for the oxidation of reduced nitrogen.  The  BOD value  of  Sewage  samples  collected  from  Covenant  University oxidation  pond  was  therefore  measured  and  the  samples  examined  for  the  presence  of Escherichia coli. The  sewage samples collected from  four points (starting point (A), two middle points (B, C), and end point (D) were inoculated on an Eosin Methylene Blue agar plates  and  the  presence  of  E.  coli  was  confirmed  by  the  appearance  of  greenish metallic sheen colonies on the agar plates and biochemical Tests. The  BOD of the effluent at the different  points  (A,  B,  C,  D)  respectively  showed  a  reduction  in  microbial  load.  The ultimate  CBOD  was  also  estimated  based  on  the  BOD5  value  which  is  based  upon  the exponential (first-order) nature of oxygen demand. This research describes the formulations of CBOD breakdown using simplified oxidation kinetics