Zarządzanie innowacjami w przedsiębiorstwie

This paper presents the outline of innovation management in the enterprise. For this purpose, the essential elements have been determined. They affect the management of innovation processes in the enterprise. On the basis of these considerations, the model has been developed for the network connections of the innovation process. It presents the steps of the processes that accompany the implementation of the new product - from its inception until the withdrawal from the market and replace it with a new one in its non-repetitive cycle. The summary presents the issues of implementation of the new product in terms of quality control

Efficient splicing correction by PNA conjugation to an R6-Penetratin delivery peptide

Sequence-specific interference with the nuclear pre-mRNA splicing machinery has received increased attention as an analytical tool and for development of therapeutics. It requires sequence-specific and high affinity binding of RNaseH-incompetent DNA mimics to pre-mRNA. Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) or phosphoramidate morpholino oligonucleotides (PMO) are particularly suited as steric block oligonucleotides in this respect. However, splicing correction by PNA or PMO conjugated to cell penetrating peptides (CPP), such as Tat or Penetratin, has required high concentrations (5–10 μM) of such conjugates, unless an endosomolytic agent was added to increase escape from endocytic vesicles. We have focused on the modification of existing CPPs to search for peptides able to deliver more efficiently splice correcting PNA or PMO to the nucleus in the absence of endosomolytic agents. We describe here R6-Penetratin (in which arginine-residues were added to the N-terminus of Penetratin) as the most active of all CPPs tested so far in a splicing correction assay in which masking of a cryptic splice site allows expression of a luciferase reporter gene. Efficient and sequence-specific correction occurs at 1 μM concentration of the R6Pen–PNA705 conjugate as monitored by luciferase luminescence and by RT-PCR. Some aspects of the R6Pen–PNA705 structure–function relationship have also been evaluated

Gradient Descent Optimization in Gene Regulatory Pathways

BACKGROUND: Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) have become a major focus of interest in recent years. Elucidating the architecture and dynamics of large scale gene regulatory networks is an important goal in systems biology. The knowledge of the gene regulatory networks further gives insights about gene regulatory pathways. This information leads to many potential applications in medicine and molecular biology, examples of which are identification of metabolic pathways, complex genetic diseases, drug discovery and toxicology analysis. High-throughput technologies allow studying various aspects of gene regulatory networks on a genome-wide scale and we will discuss recent advances as well as limitations and future challenges for gene network modeling. Novel approaches are needed to both infer the causal genes and generate hypothesis on the underlying regulatory mechanisms. METHODOLOGY: In the present article, we introduce a new method for identifying a set of optimal gene regulatory pathways by using structural equations as a tool for modeling gene regulatory networks. The method, first of all, generates data on reaction flows in a pathway. A set of constraints is formulated incorporating weighting coefficients. Finally the gene regulatory pathways are obtained through optimization of an objective function with respect to these weighting coefficients. The effectiveness of the present method is successfully tested on ten gene regulatory networks existing in the literature. A comparative study with the existing extreme pathway analysis also forms a part of this investigation. The results compare favorably with earlier experimental results. The validated pathways point to a combination of previously documented and novel findings. CONCLUSIONS: We show that our method can correctly identify the causal genes and effectively output experimentally verified pathways. The present method has been successful in deriving the optimal regulatory pathways for all the regulatory networks considered. The biological significance and applicability of the optimal pathways has also been discussed. Finally the usefulness of the present method on genetic engineering is depicted with an example

Trans-targeting of human papillomavirus type-16 E6 and E7 transcripts by an engineered hairpin ribozyme

Includes bibliographical references (pages [66]-69)Three hairpin ribozymes have been designed which cleave sequences from HPV-16 E6 and E7 transcripts in vitro. E6 and E7 proteins from high risk HPV types are capable of immortalizing human cells and are therefore considered transforming proteins. Two of these ribozymes (RHPV419 and RHPV434) are derivatives of the hairpin ribozyme which occurs in the minus strand of the tobacco ringspot virus satellite RNA [(-)sTRSV]. The third ribozyme (RHPV195) was derived from the hairpin ribozyme which occurs in the minus strand of the chicory yellow mottle virus satellite RNA 1 [(-)sCYMVl], This marks the first time that the (-)sCYMVl derived hairpin ribozyme has been shown capable of being adapted for trans cleavage of nonnative substrate RNA. The helix-1 lengths of these three ribozymes have been optimized for maximum cleavage efficiency. Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters have been determined for both (-)sTRSV hairpin ribozyme derivatives. RHPV434 was tested using three different helix-4/loop-3 variants, and the variant supporting the highest cleavage activity was used for further development. A derivative of RHPV434, tVl-434 which contains a 5' tRNAva^ and a 3' hairpin loop structure, was found fully active in vitro compared to the unmodified RHPV434. A mismatch was introduced into helix-1 of RHPV419 in order to disrupt a potential RNA pol III termination sequence and the helix-1 length was reoptimized. RHPV419 and RHPV434 were cloned into plasmids containing RNA pol III promoter sequences. RHPV434 was also cloned into a retroviral vector for studies on ribozyme activity in a human cell line transformed by HPV-16. To determine ribozyme efficacy in these and future experiments, a tripartite assay system was developed which consists of evaluating cell morphology, target level, and ribozyme expression.M.S. (Master of Science

Postal service quality

Wstęp i cel: W szybkim tempie rozwijający się rynek usług pocztowych w kraju jak również na rynku międzynarodowym powoduje wzrost zainteresowania dla różnych podmiotów. Zainteresowanie dotyczy bezpośrednio operatorów pocztowych, jak również w dalszej części działalności tych podmiotów dla biorców tych usług, przez których należy rozumieć nadawcę i odbiorcę usługi pocztowej. Celem polityki jakościowej w usługach operatorów pocztowych jest zapewnienie wszystkim klientom stabilnej usługi pocztowej. Materiał i metody: W pracy posłużono się materiałem opartym na cytowanej literaturze. Zastosowano metodę analizy teoretycznej. Wyniki: Istotą tej usługi pocztowej jest zagwarantowanie niedyskryminacyjnego dostępu do powszechnych usług pocztowych o wysokiej jej, jakości po przystępnych cenach, z gwarancją zgodności z wymogami Prawa Polskiego. Postęp technologiczny oraz informatyzacja procesów usługowych wpływa na dynamicznie rozwijającą się branżę usług pocztowych, która natomiast wywiera ogromny wpływ, na jakość świadczenia usługi przez operatora publicznego, jakim jest Poczta Polska. Wniosek: W przedsiębiorstwie zorientowanym na jakość, rachunek kosztów jakości jest ważnym systemem dostarczającym informacji na potrzeby podejmowania decyzji.Introduction and aim: A fast-paced growing market of postal services in the country as well as in the international market increases the interest for the various entities. The interest is directly affected postal operators, as well as in the rest of the activities of these entities for the recipients of these services, which must be understood by the sender and the recipient postal service. The aim of quality politics, concerning the services of postal operators, is providing stable postal services for all customers. Material and methods: The paper-based material was used for the cited literature. The method of theoretical analysis. Results: The substance of post service is to guarantee undiscriminating access to the universal postal services of high quality and reasonable price - according to the polish law. Technological progress and the informatization of services have an influence on postal services branch, which is expanding dynamically. This branch, however, in great measure affects the quality of services of the public operator, which is the Polish Post Office. Conclusion: In the enterprise-oriented on a quality, cost accounting quality is an important delivery system information for decision-making