296 research outputs found
DaXBench: Benchmarking Deformable Object Manipulation with Differentiable Physics
Deformable Object Manipulation (DOM) is of significant importance to both
daily and industrial applications. Recent successes in differentiable physics
simulators allow learning algorithms to train a policy with analytic gradients
through environment dynamics, which significantly facilitates the development
of DOM algorithms. However, existing DOM benchmarks are either
single-object-based or non-differentiable. This leaves the questions of 1) how
a task-specific algorithm performs on other tasks and 2) how a
differentiable-physics-based algorithm compares with the non-differentiable
ones in general. In this work, we present DaXBench, a differentiable DOM
benchmark with a wide object and task coverage. DaXBench includes 9 challenging
high-fidelity simulated tasks, covering rope, cloth, and liquid manipulation
with various difficulty levels. To better understand the performance of general
algorithms on different DOM tasks, we conduct comprehensive experiments over
representative DOM methods, ranging from planning to imitation learning and
reinforcement learning. In addition, we provide careful empirical studies of
existing decision-making algorithms based on differentiable physics, and
discuss their limitations, as well as potential future directions.Comment: ICLR 2023 (Oral
Microglia, TREM2, and Therapeutic Methods of Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia all around the world. It is characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which contribute to neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Microglia, as innate immune cells in brain, plays dual roles in the pathological process of AD. Expression in different subtypes of microglia is diverse in AD genes. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein mainly expressed on microglia in the central nervous system (CNS). Soluble TREM2 (sTREM2), a proteolytic product of TREM2, which is abundant in the cerebrospinal fluid, shows a dynamic change in different stages and ameliorates the pathological process of AD. The interplay between the different subtypes of apolipoprotein and TREM2 is closely related to the mechanism of AD and serves as important regulatory sites. Moreover, several therapeutic strategies targeting TREM2 have shown positive outcomes during clinical trials and some novel therapies at different points are in progress. In this review, we mainly talk about the interrelationships among microglia, TREM2, and AD, and hope to give an overview of the strategies of AD
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