Reductions in Postprandial Plasma Allantoin Concentrations With Increasing Doses of Polyphenol Rich Curry Intake – A Randomized Crossover Trial

While dietary or supplementary antioxidants are thought to inhibit or delay oxidation of biological molecules, their utility in vivo has been marred by equivocal evidence. Consumption of polyphenol rich foods has been thought to alleviate postprandial oxidative stress and/or improve endothelial function. Although, previous studies suggested the utility of allantoin as a biomarker of oxidative stress, controlled dose response studies with dietary antioxidants to test this in humans have been limited. We therefore investigated the effects of 2 doses of polyphenol rich curry consumption on postprandial plasma concentrations of allantoin, allantoin to uric acid ratio, F2-isoprostanes using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS-MS) and measured endothelial function using peripheral arterial tonometry (endoPAT). In a randomized controlled crossover trial in 17 non-smoking, healthy, Chinese men, aged 23.7 ± 2.4 years and BMI 23.1 ± 2.3 kg/m2, the volunteers consumed 3 test meals in a random order, consisting of either non-curry Dose 0 Control (D0C, 0 g spices), or Dose 1 Curry (D1C, 6 g spices) or Dose 2 Curry (D2C, 12 g spices), after overnight fast. There were significant reductions in postprandial allantoin concentrations (p < 0.001) and allantoin to uric acid ratio (p < 0.001) at 2 h and 3 h following test meal consumption, indicating improvements in postprandial redox balance with increasing curry doses, although there were no differences between treatments on F2-isoprostane concentrations or on RHI (measured at 2 h only). Allantoin may have a utility as a biomarker of redox balance, in an acute setting. The study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier No. NCT02599272)

A Metabolomic Analysis Of Thiol Response For Standard And Modified N-Acetyl Cysteine Treatment Regimens In Patients With Acetaminophen Overdose

Abstract N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antidote to prevent acetaminophen (paracetamol‐APAP)‐induced acute liver injury (ALI). The 3‐bag licensed 20.25 h standard regimen, and a 12 h modified regimen, are used to treat APAP overdose. This study evaluated the redox thiol response and APAP metabolites, in patients with a single APAP overdose treated with either the 20.25 h standard or 12 h modified regimen. We used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to quantify clinically important oxidative stress biomarkers and APAP metabolites in plasma samples from 45 patients who participated in a randomized controlled trial (SNAP trial). We investigated the time course response of plasma metabolites at predose, 12 h, and 20.25 h post‐start of NAC infusion. The results showed that the 12 h modified regimen resulted in a significant elevation of plasma NAC and cysteine concentrations at 12 h post‐infusion. We found no significant alteration in the metabolism of APAP, mitochondrial, amino acids, and other thiol biomarkers with the two regimens. We examined APAP and purine metabolism in overdose patients who developed ALI. We showed the major APAP‐metabolites and xanthine were significantly higher in patients with ALI. These biomarkers correlated well with alanine aminotransferase activity at admission. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that at admission, plasma APAP‐metabolites and xanthine concentrations were predictive for ALI. In conclusion, a significantly higher redox thiol response with the modified NAC regimen at 12 h postdose suggests this regimen may produce greater antioxidant efficacy. At baseline, plasma APAP and purine metabolites may be useful biomarkers for early prediction of APAP‐induced ALI

Chronometabolism: The Timing of the Consumption of Meals Has a Greater Influence Than Glycemic Index (GI) on the Postprandial Metabolome

10.3390/metabo13040490METABOLITES13

Deep Phenotyping of Oxidative Stress in Emergency Room Patients Reveals Homoarginine as a Novel Predictor of Sepsis Severity, Length of Hospital Stay and Length of ICU Stay

Frontiers in Medicin

Distinct transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles characterize NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema patients undergoing aspirin desensitization

There is limited data on the mechanisms of aspirin desensitization in patients with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced urticaria/angioedema (NIUA).Published versionThis work was supported by a grant from Thermo Fisher Scientific