Epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Péhunco area, Northern Benin. Malacological survey

International audienceSchistosomiasis is a public health problem in Benin but prevalence estimates vary widely. Parasitological (from May to September 2010) and malacological surveys (from September 2010 to June 2012) were conducted to determine the current status of urinary schistosomiasis among 1 585 schoolchildren from 18 primary schools of Péhunco area, North-West Benin, using two parasitological tests. Pupils were enrolled with a mean age of 11 years (from 7 to 16 years-old age) and 51.48% of them were girls. Urines samples were examined using both urine reagent strips and filtration method. Structured questionnaires were used to identify environmental and socio-economic factors. Malacological surveys were conducted to ascertain general freshwater snail diversity and specific diversity of the schistosome host snails. The results showed a general prevalence of 29.40% with boys (36.67%) significantly more affected than girls (22.55%). Among the 844 collected snails, 5 species freshwater snails were identified: two species known as potential schistosome intermediate host snails, Bulinus forskalii and B. globosus, and three species known as non-schistosome transmitting snails Lymnaea natalensis, Physa marmorata and Melanoides tuberculata. B. forskalii was a most largely distributed snail and none of snails were found naturally infected by schistosome. No freshwater snails were found naturally infected by schistosome

Prevalence des parasitoses intestinales au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou, Sud du Benin de 2003 a 2015

Objectif: Décrire l’évolution de la prévalence des parasitoses intestinales au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou de 2003 à 2015.Méthodes: une étude transversale descriptive à collecte rétrospective a été réalisée au laboratoire de Parasitologie – Mycologie du CNHU – HKM de Cotonou. Tous les patients ayant bénéficié d’une coprologie parasitaire du 1er janvier 2003 au 31 décembre 2015 ont été systématiquement inclus. Les variables (âge, sexe, année, statut hospitalisé ou externe, coprologie parasitaire positive et espèce parasitaire identifiée) ont été renseignées grâce aux registres de paillasse du laboratoire. Les techniques de Willis et de Bailenger ont été effectuées sur des selles recueillies dans un pot stérile acheminé dans un délai de moins de quatre heures au laboratoire.Résultats: Sur 8878 patients inclus, 1563 avaient une coprologie parasitaire positive soit une prévalence globale de 17,6%. La prévalence la plus élevée était obtenue en 2004 (28,5 %) et la plus basse en 2014 (3,8 %). Les protozoaires représentaient 98,1 % et les helminthes 1,9 %. Les protozoaires les plus retrouvés étaient Entamoeba histolytica (32,5 %), Blastocystis hominis (26,4 %) et Entamoeba coli (11,3 %). Les principaux helminthes étaient Ancylostoma et ou Necator (0,5 %) Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0,5 %) et Strongyloïdes stercoralis (0,4 %).Le monoparasitisme représentait 82,5% des cas suivi du biparasitisme (15,7 %) et du triparasitisme (1,7 %). Les associations les plus fréquentes étaient Blastocystis hominis + Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (20,1 %), Entamoeba coli + Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (17,2 %) et Blastocystis hominis + Endolimax nana (11,7 %).Conclusion: Probablement du fait des campagnes de distribution d’antihelminthiques et du déparasitage systématique, la prévalence des helminthoses digestives est plus faible que celle des protozooses. Le renforcement des mesures d’hygiène et des stratégies de lutte est une nécessité.Mots clés: Parasitoses intestinales, prévalences, Bénin, Afrique de l’OuestEnglish Title: Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in HKM University Hospital of Cotonou from 2003 to 2015 in southern BeninEnglish AbstractObjective: To describe the evolution of prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in the national and university hospital of Cotonou.Methods: A retrospective study was performed at the Parasitology - Mycology laboratory in the National University Hospital of Cotonou from January 2003 to December 2015. Patients were selected by systematic random sampling method. Fresh stool samples were collected from each patient and processed by Willis and Bailenger fecal concentration technique. The data were saved with Excel 2007 software and exported to STATA 12.1 software for statistical analysis process. The Pearson Chi2 test was used to compare the averages. The statistical significance level was set at 5% (p value < 0.05).Results: Among the 8878 patients included, 1563 (17.6% of overall prevalence) were infected by one or more intestinal parasites. The highest prevalence was noted in 2004 (28.5%) and the lowest in 2014 (3.8%). Protozoa accounted for 98.1 % and helminths for 1.9%. The most common protozoa were Entamoeba histolytica (32.5%), Blastocystis hominis (26.4%) and Entamoeba coli (11.3%). The main helminths were Ancylostoma and or Necator (0.5 %), Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.5%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.4%). Monoparasitism accounted for 82.5% of the cases followed by biparasitism (246 cases, 15.7%) and triparasitism (27 cases, 1.7%). The most frequent associations were Blastocystis hominis + Entamoeba histolytica / dispar (20.1%), Entamoeba coli + Entamoeba histolytica / dispar (17.2%) and Blastocystis hominis + Endolimax nana (11.7%).Conclusion: Probably the distribution of antihelminthics to children and systematic deworming lowered the prevalence of digestive helminthosis than that of protozoa. Strengthening hygiene is necessary to control them.Keywords: Intestinal parasites, prevalence, Benin, West Afric

[Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among Pregnant Women in Benin: Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression].

International audienceTo assess the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Benin, we conducted a meta-analysis using the PRISMA criteria. Al research published between 1990 and 2018 on toxoplasmosis among pregnant women Benin were eligible. A total of five databases were investigated, and the extracted data were subjected to a meta-analysis under R 3.1 using both random effect model and fixed effect model. The overall prevalence of toxoplasma-specific IgG among pregnant women was 47% (CI 95%: 40-53) and that of specific IgM was 2% (CI 95%: 1-3). The infection rate in urban areas (52%) was significantly higher than in rural areas (33%). The two main risk factors identified by the various eligible studies were the age of the pregnant women and the consumption of raw vegetables. We show that toxoplasmosis is endemic in pregnant women in Benin, implying that primary prevention measures must be put in place by the competent authorities to control this infection