Common features in popular android vocabulary learning apps

For the last two decades, mobile learning has significantly made its way in English language learning and teaching process. Some common devices use in mobile learning are smartphones, tablets and laptops. These devices, combined with Internet access, open new and ample opportunities for teachers, technologists and learners to facilitate language acquisition. In the context of English as a second language (ESL) teaching and learning, most adult ESL learners attend classes with the aim of improving their language proficiency as they need to communicate effectively especially in work and social settings. They can certainly obtain this from the formal classroom setting. However, according to Kukulske-Hulme (2012), foreign language mastery requires frequent informal practice. Therefore, learners can extend their language learning outside of classroom time by utilizing mobile learning applications (apps). By having language apps installed in their mobile devices, ESL learners would have the chances to enhance their language acquisition especially vocabulary development. In this study, ten most popular Android vocabulary learning apps for adult learners available in 2017 were chosen and reviewed. They were selected based on the number of downloads and ratings. This study looks into the common and distinctive features of the top vocabulary learning apps and their strengths and weaknesses. Based on the findings, this paper will provide a comprehensive view of features that assist learners in their language learning and discusses its relevance from the pedagogical aspect to further improve vocabulary learning app