Metabotrophic effects of aerobic training in male patients with metabolic syndrome

We investigated the integrated effects of an aerobic training program on circulatory levels of the metabotrophic factors (metabotrophins) nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and anabolic state (testosterone/cortisol ratio) in middle aged males with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thirty subjects (age: 58.23 ± 5.25 years, weight: 95.00 ± 8.26 kg, height: 173 ± 7.03 cm, VO2peak: 19.96 ± 4.18 ml kg.min-1) were randomized into exercise (n=16) and control, non-exercised (n=14) group. The exercise group participated in eight weeks of aerobic training program (3 sessions/week at 50%-60% of VO2 peak). Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after training and VO2 peak, insulin sensitivity and an overall metabolic syndrome Z score (Z MetS) were calculated. Aerobic training significantly increased insulin sensitivity, Vo2 peak, plasma HDL and serum levels of NFG, BDNF, IGF-1 and testosterone (P<0.05) as compared to control patients. Additionally, there were significant decreases in body weight, mean atrial pressure, waist circumference, plasma glucose and triglyceride and also serum cortisol levels (P<0.05) in training patients. Body weight, waist circumference, and NGF levels were recognized as the most important predictors for the 80% of variability in serum testosterone/cortisol ratio (P<0.05). An integrated metabotrophic and anabolic effect of aerobic training in patients with MetS was established. Early measurement of these variables may have prognostic benefits for at risk population who progress to the generalized stage of cardiometabolic abnormalities.Adipobiology 2015, 7: 21-29Key words: exercise, metabolic syndrome, cardiometabolic risk, metabotrophic factors, NGF, BDNF, IGF-1, testosteron

The Effect of Six Weeks Combined Training on Plasma Levels of Chemerin, Serum Amyloid A and C-reactive Proteine and Plasma Lipid in Obese Male

Abstract Background: The evidence suggests that obesity causes the chronic inflammation. Chemerin is a new adipokine which is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The effects of combined training on levels of inflammatory markers specialy chemerin and serum amyloid-A has been less studied.The present study aims to examine the effect of six weeks combined training on plasma levels of chemerin, CRP and SAA and plasma lipid in obese men. Materials and Methods: 18 obese men were divided into control and experimental groups. General characteristics of subjects serum levels of chemerin, CRP and SAA were examined (by ELISA method), before and after one session training. Endurance training protocol was performed on the large muscles included in 6 weeks running around the track with 60 to 75% HRmax, 4 sessions per week, intense resistance training for 25 to 30 minutes with 50 to 70% of one repetition maximum of 6 stations (2 sets, 12 Reps). Data analysis was performed by T-independent test for comparison of two control and training groups, T-paired test for comparison of two groups before and after the test and significant level of p≤0.05 was considered. Results: The results show that 6 weeks combined training significantly decrease the plasma levels of chemerin (p=0.004), and SAA (p=0.009), but there was not any significant decrease on CRP levels(p=0. 476). So, it can be concluded that combined training will affect on some inflammatory markers in obese men and improve them. Conclusion: One session combined training for 6 weeks significantly affects on plasma levels of chemerin and serum amyloid-A, however, it doesn't decrease the plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP)

Telocytes response to cardiac growth induced by resistance exercise training and endurance exercise training in adult male rats

Abstract Telocytes are interstitial cells found in different tissues, including cardiac stem cell niches. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of the telocytes to the cardiac growth that occurs in response to resistance and endurance exercise trainings using rats distributed into control, endurance, and resistance training groups. Results revealed that the ratio of heart weight to body weight, cardiomycyte number, cardiomyocyte area, thickness of the left ventricular wall were significantly higher in the training groups compared to the control group. We observed increment in the cardiomyocytes surface area and thickness of the left ventricular wall in the resistance-training group than endurance-training group. We conclude that both resistance and endurance exercise trainings will lead to an increased number of cardiac telocytes, consequently, promote activity of the cardiac stem cells, and results in physiological cardiac growth, and this response does not seem to depend on the type of exercise

The Effects of the Preconception Endurance Exercise Training and Voluntary Exercise Activity during Pregnancy in C57BL/6 Mice on Lipid Profile of the Adult Offsprings

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of preconception endurance exercise training with voluntary exercise activity during pregnancy in mother mice on lipid profile in adult offsprings. Materials and Methods: Twenty four C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into four subgroups: trained in preconception period and exercised during pregnancy (TE)(20.3±1.02g); trained in preconception periods but unexercised during pregnancy (TC)(21.58±0.4g); untrained in preconception periods but exercised during pregnancy (CE)(21.02±0.23g); untrained and unexercised (CC)(19.23±0.45g). Trained mice were subjected to a protocol of moderate endurance exercise training over a period of 4 weeks for 5 days before pregnancy. The fasting blood samples were collected from adult mice(8 weeks old) and serum levels of glucose and lipid profile were measured. Data were analyzed using two way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: The Glucose test results in offspring showed that there was a significant interaction between group and sex and group main effect (p<0.001) Glucose levels of male offspring were significantly lower in TC and TE groups. Results on LDL also showed that the sex main effect was significant (p<0.001), and LDL levels of male born to TE and TC dams lower than in female offspring. Conclusion: Improving the mother's physical fitness by providing regular endurance training in the preconception period and maintaining it by exercise activty throughout pregnancy may have potential for eliciting positive changes in lipid profile of offspring, specially males