Legal Analysis on Smart Contract for Land Registration in Digital Era in Indonesia

During the past decade, people's lives have swiftly shifted towards the digital era, also known as industrial era 4.0. Although it began with business activities, many cyberspace activities, such as e-signature, e-litigation, e-court, e-registration, online Population and Civil Registration, and so on, are now being recognized in the sphere of public services. The massiveness of various electronic activities is driven by the rapid flow of technology developments and inventions, one of which is the smart contract on the blockchain system. Blockchain-based smart contracts are expected to be utilized for purposes other than cryptocurrencies or crypto assets, such as e-voting or elections, medical data, and land registration. In 2021, the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the Republic of Indonesia's National Land Agency issued Regulation Number 1 of 2021 concerning Electronic Certificates, which went into force on January 12, 2021. The regulation permits the issuance of Electronic Certificates for first-time land registrations as well as the replacement of outdated certificates with Electronic Certificates. The regulation is the implementation of the Digital Transformation Roadmap provided by the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency. One of the points listed in the Road Map for 2022 is the implementation of smart contracts and smart escrow. This research aims to analyze the dynamics of land registration regulation in the digital era in Indonesia, as well as the potential use of smart contracts for land registration in Indonesia. This type of research is normative juridical research. The data collection method used is a literature study. This research uses secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and non-legal materials. The data is qualitatively assessed and then provided in a descriptive format

Administrative Appeal Efforts in Indonesian Administrative Dispute Resolution After the Government Administration Law (Pre-Omnibus Law)

Administrative effort is an effort to resolve disputes in the Indonesian State Administrative Court. This administrative effort changed after the Omnibus Law was introduced. However, the Omnibus Law itself will be changed in the future because there is a demand for a constitutional court decision. Therefore, administrative efforts have the potential to change back to what it was before the Omnibus Law. This study aims to determine the competence of existing changes in administrative efforts. This research method is carried out using a normative approach that is based on browsing library materials or secondary data. The result to be achieved in this research is to give a prescription that Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration has its own procedural process, even though this Law is sectoral