6 research outputs found
Effects of hypothyroidism on anti-mullerian hormone expression in the prepubertal rat testis
Differentiation of adult Leydig cells (ALC)
in the prepubertal rat testis is stimulated by thyroid
hormone (Thy) and inhibited by the Anti-Mullerian
Hormone (AMH) produced by the immature Sertoli cell
(SC). As Thy induces SC maturation in the prepubertal
rat testis, we hypothesized that Thy stimulation of ALC
differentiation is mediated via inhibition of AMH
production by the SC with their maturation. If this
hypothesis is true, AMH production by the prepubertal
Sertoli cells in hypothyroid rats should not decline
immediately after birth as in euthyroid rats, but should
be maintained throughout the hypothyroid period at a
similar or higher level to that of day 1 rats. This concept
was tested using control rats of postnatal days (pd) 1, 7
and 14 and hypothyroid (fed 0.1% propyl thiouracil/PTU
to lactating mothers) rats of pd7 and pd14. Presence of
AMH in SC was examined by immunocytochemistry for
AMH. Results demonstrated that testes of pd1 rats had
intense AMH positive labeling exclusively in cytoplasm
of SC. In testes of pd7 and pd14 control and PTU rats, a
positive but weak labeling was also observed in
cytoplasm of some SC; Germ cells and testicular
interstitial cells were negative for AMH at all tested ages
in both experimental groups. These findings suggest that AMH production by the prepubertal SC is independent
of Sertoli cell maturation and not regulated by Thy.
Therefore, Thy regulation of ALC differentiation in the
prepubertal rat testis is unlikely to be mediated via
inhibition of AMH produced by the SC with their
maturation
Comparison of testis structure, function and thyroid hormone levels in control C57BL/6 mice and anti-mullerian hormone over expressing mice
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is
considered as a negative regulator of postnatal Leydig
cell (LC) differentiation, because AMH over expressing
mice (Mt-hAMH mice) testes are deficient in LC.
Therefore, in the present study Mt-hAMH mice was
used as a model to examine the process of postnatal LC
differentiation. Testis structure-function studies were
performed in age-matching Mt-hAMH and C57BL/6
(controls) mice; testicular components were quantified
and circulating testosterone and thyroid hormone levels
(thyroxine/T4 and triiodothyronine/T3; necessary for
postnatal LC differentiation) were determined. Results
revealed that Mt-hAMH mice were heavier and their
testis weights were smaller compared to controls. Mast
cells were present in Mt-AMH testis interstitium, but
absent in controls. The absolute volumes of seminiferous
tubules (ST), testis interstitium, LC and blood vessels
per testis were lower and lymphatic space was higher in
Mt-hAMH mice than in controls (p<0.05). The average
cell LC volume and their number per testis, ST length,
plasma testosterone, luteinizing hormone-stimulated
testosterone secretion per testis and per LC in vitro,
plasma T4 and T3 were significantly lower in Mt-hAMH
mice compared to controls (p<0.05). Increased body
weight in Mt-hAMH mice could be attributed to the
reduced T4 and T3. Reduced testis weight in Mt-AMH
mice is explained by the reduced ST volume in them.
Reduced plasma testosterone, testicular and LC
testosterone secretion in vitro in Mt-hAMH mice can be
explained by the reduced number, size and steroidogenic
potential of LC in Mt-hAMH mice. Study revealed
several structure-function deficiencies in Mt-AMH mouse compared to controls, which were not
documented in previous investigations. As
hypothyroidism causes arrest in postnatal LC
differentiation, it is suggested that the reduced LC
number in Mt-hAMH testes could be at least in part due
to their reduced thyroid hormone levels. However, latter
concept needs to be further tested in future
investigations