Utilization of Exo Polymers Secreted by Bacillus Licheniformis for the Remediation of Lead

High levels of dissolved metals in the environment includes active and abandoned mine sites as well as industrial effluents also contribute to lead contamination in both water and soil. As compared to the conventional remediation techniques, biological methods are gaining prominence because of their potential in providing a cost effective technology for heavy metal remediation. Biopolymer produced by Bacillus licheniformis was investigated with regard to remediation of lead metal ion. Biopolymer production was optimum when grown in M9 medium, biopolymer from B licheniformis was then used for bio sorption of lead metal ion at neutral pH range, 95-98% of biosorption was observed in case of 10ppm and 50ppm lead metal ions, this study shows utility of biopolymers in bioremediation of lead metal ions

Lipid extraction for biodiesel production from municipal sewage water sludge

Municipal sewage is a source of various lipids where the lipids can be extracted and converted to biodiesel by transesterification reaction. The present study reveals the properties of extracted Lipids like, Viscosity mm2/S, Density, kg/m3, Acid value mg KOH/g, Iodine value g I2/100 g, Value of saponification(mg KOH/g), Free fatty acid (%),Capric acid (%),Lauric acid (%),Myristic acids (%),Stearic acid (%), Oleic acid (%),Palmitic acid (%),others are studied from waste water sludge collected from Hebbala, Nayandahalli and Vrishabhavathy treatment plants located in Bangalore in both summer and Rainy seasons and revealed in the paper. The lipid content was estimated to be maximum in summer season ranging from 785 mg/g in Hebbala and 486 mg/g in Nayandahalli sludge samples. Hence, the sewage sludge proved to be a good raw material which can be utilized for the synthesis of biodiesel economically and ecofriendly, with the extension of present investigation

Comparative Study of Extraction Methods and Properties of Non Edible Oils for Biodiesel Production

Due to the limited availability of fossil fuel and environmental problems, considerable attention has been given to biodiesel production as an alternative to petro diesel. In this connection the non-edible seeds of Caryota urens, Bassia longifolia and Saraca asoca were analysed for their oil properties and fatty acids. Four different methods are tried for oil extraction among them physical method is more suited compared to Bligh and Dyer, Folch et al. and Chemical solvent extraction method and among the three seeds B. longifolia yields more oil (40mg/g) compared to S. asoca (35gm/g) and C. urens (25gm/g) and asoca

A Comparative Study of Bioethanol Production from Aquatic Weeds

A greatest challenge for society in the 21st century is to meet energy demand, where biomass is subjected for pre-treatment and converted into biofuel (alcohol). Aquatic weeds are potential bio resources which are easily available for biofuel production. Aquatic weeds like Alternanthera sessilis, Typha latifolia, Eichhornia crassipes, Baccopa monnieri, Ipomoea aquatica and Pistia stratiotes are estimated for carbohydrates content. Highest content of reducing sugar was observed in Alternanthera sessilis (296.8µg/ml), total sugar in Ipomoea aquatic (880.00mg/ml), starch in Alternanthera sessilis (57.13mg/ml), cellulose in Pistia stratiotes and Typha latifolia (280.00mg/ml), hemicellulose in Typha latifolia (26.85mg/ml); high cellulosic aquatic weeds were subjected to pre-treatment methods like physical, chemical and enzymatic method. Meanwhile different yeast strains from the fruits of Manilkara zapota, Cucumis melo, Musa paradisiaca, Citrullus lanatus, Punica granatum and Ananas comosus were isolated yeast of Citrullus lanatus shows highest amount of alcohol production (307µg/ml), which is inoculated to pre-treated hydrolysate, where Alternanthera sessilis and Typha latifolia shows high amount of alcohol in physical method (160.5 and 115.4µg/ml). In chemical method in acid hydrolysis it shows 387.1 and 69.63µg/ml and in alkali hydrolysis 62 and 170µg/ml, so these two weeds were taken for enzymatic method for alcohol production, on seventh day Alternanthera sessilis shows highest alcohol production (113.33µg/ml), hence among six weeds Alternanthera sessilis and the yeast of Citrullus lanatus produces more amount of alcohol than others and it also shows that enzymatic method of pre-treatment is best in hydrolysis of biomass than physical and chemical method. The study revealed the possibility of producing alcohol from locally available fruits using simple, cheap and adaptable technology with biochemically characterized yeast strains

In-vitro Anti-Cancer Screening of Solanumindicum Rhus succedanea, Rheum emodiand Gardenia gummifera Medicinal Plants in Cancer Cells

ABSTRACT The anticancer activities of Solanumindicum, Rhus succedaneum, Rheum emodi, and Gardenia gummifera medicinal plants from the methanolic extracts were determined by using in-vitroMTT cytotoxicity assay in various cancer cell lines human non-small cell lung carcinoma(H1975), prostatecarcinoma (PC-3and DU145), colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) and malignant melanoma (A375). The invitrocytotoxicity assay revealed that S. indicum, R. succedanea, R. emodi and G. gummifera extracts had strongest cytotoxicity with IC50 of 8.48 g/ml,24.5g/ml, 28.24g/ml and 28.61g/ml respectively in DU145 cells and also with IC50 of 11.18g/ml, 11.04 g/ml, 11.05 g/ml and 23.03g/ml respectively in PC-3 cells. Whereas these extracts exhibited cytotoxicity with IC50 of 9.03g/ml, 7.71g/ml, 15.95 g/ml and 11.71g/ml respectively in H1975 cells. Similarly all these extracts showed cytotoxicity with IC50 of 17.58g/ml,8.87g/ml,19.31g/ml and 11.67 g/ml respectively in HCT116 cells. Finally methanolic extracts of these extracts exhibited cytotoxicity with IC 50 27.94 g/ml, 13.13g/ml, 11.05 g/ml and 7.816g/ml respectively in A375 cells. Our results revealed that methanolic extract of S