649 research outputs found
A comparison of the tube, rapid serum, and rapid blood drop agglutination tests for the detection of carriers of salmonella pullorum
Double-heterostructure cavities: from theory to design
We derive a frequency-domain-based approach for radiation (FAR) from
double-heterostructure cavity (DHC) modes. We use this to compute the quality
factors and radiation patterns of DHC modes. The semi-analytic nature of our
method enables us to provide a general relationship between the radiation
pattern of the cavity and its geometry. We use this to provide general designs
for ultrahigh quality factor DHCs with radiation patterns that are engineered
to emit vertically
Spatial fragmentation of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well potential
We present a theoretical study of the ground state of a Bose-Einstein
condensate with repulsive inter-particle interactions in a double-well
potential, using a restricted variational principle. Within such an approach,
there is a transition from a single condensate to a fragmented condensate as
the strength of the central barrier of the potential is increased. We determine
the nature of this transition through approximate analytic as well as numerical
solutions of our model in the regime where the inter-particle interactions can
be treated perturbatively. The degree of fragmentation of the condensate is
characterized by the degrees of first-order and second-order spatial coherence
across the barrier.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Theory of decoherence in a matter wave Talbot-Lau interferometer
We present a theoretical framework to describe the effects of decoherence on
matter waves in Talbot-Lau interferometry. Using a Wigner description of the
stationary beam the loss of interference contrast can be calculated in closed
form. The formulation includes both the decohering coupling to the environment
and the coherent interaction with the grating walls. It facilitates the
quantitative distinction of genuine quantum interference from the expectations
of classical mechanics. We provide realistic microscopic descriptions of the
experimentally relevant interactions in terms of the bulk properties of the
particles and show that the treatment is equivalent to solving the
corresponding master equation in paraxial approximation.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures (minor corrections; now in two-column format
Excitonic effects on the two-color coherent control of interband transitions in bulk semiconductors
Quantum interference between one- and two-photon absorption pathways allows
coherent control of interband transitions in unbiased bulk semiconductors;
carrier population, carrier spin polarization, photocurrent injection, and spin
current injection may all be controlled. We extend the theory of these
processes to include the electron-hole interaction. Our focus is on photon
energies that excite carriers above the band edge, but close enough to it so
that transition amplitudes based on low order expansions in are
applicable; both allowed-allowed and allowed-forbidden two-photon transition
amplitudes are included. Analytic solutions are obtained using the effective
mass theory of Wannier excitons; degenerate bands are accounted for, but
envelope-hole coupling is neglected. We find a Coulomb enhancement of two-color
coherent control process, and relate it to the Coulomb enhancements of one- and
two-photon absorption. In addition, we find a frequency dependent phase shift
in the dependence of photocurrent and spin current on the optical phases. The
phase shift decreases monotonically from at the band edge to 0 over an
energy range governed by the exciton binding energy. It is the difference
between the partial wave phase shifts of the electron-hole envelope function
reached by one- and two-photon pathways.Comment: 31 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Two-photon spin injection in semiconductors
A comparison is made between the degree of spin polarization of electrons
excited by one- and two-photon absorption of circularly polarized light in bulk
zincblende semiconductors. Time- and polarization-resolved experiments in
(001)-oriented GaAs reveal an initial degree of spin polarization of 49% for
both one- and two-photon spin injection at wavelengths of 775 and 1550 nm, in
agreement with theory. The macroscopic symmetry and microscopic theory for
two-photon spin injection are reviewed, and the latter is generalized to
account for spin-splitting of the bands. The degree of spin polarization of
one- and two-photon optical orientation need not be equal, as shown by
calculations of spectra for GaAs, InP, GaSb, InSb, and ZnSe using a 14x14 k.p
Hamiltonian including remote band effects. By including the higher conduction
bands in the calculation, cubic anisotropy and the role of allowed-allowed
transitions can be investigated. The allowed-allowed transitions do not
conserve angular momentum and can cause a high degree of spin polarization
close to the band edge; a value of 78% is calculated in GaSb, but by varying
the material parameters it could be as high as 100%. The selection rules for
spin injection from allowed-allowed transitions are presented, and interband
spin-orbit coupling is found to play an important role.Comment: 12 pages including 7 figure
Maxwell Equations in Complex Form of Majorana - Oppenheimer, Solutions with Cylindric Symmetry in Riemann S_{3} and Lobachevsky H_{3} Spaces
Complex formalism of Riemann - Silberstein - Majorana - Oppenheimer in
Maxwell electrodynamics is extended to the case of arbitrary pseudo-Riemannian
space - time in accordance with the tetrad recipe of Tetrode - Weyl - Fock -
Ivanenko. In this approach, the Maxwell equations are solved exactly on the
background of static cosmological Einstein model, parameterized by special
cylindrical coordinates and realized as a Riemann space of constant positive
curvature. A discrete frequency spectrum for electromagnetic modes depending on
the curvature radius of space and three parameters is found, and corresponding
basis electromagnetic solutions have been constructed explicitly. In the case
of elliptical model a part of the constructed solutions should be rejected by
continuity considerations. Similar treatment is given for Maxwell equations in
hyperbolic Lobachevsky model, the complete basis of electromagnetic solutions
in corresponding cylindrical coordinates has been constructed as well, no
quantization of frequencies of electromagnetic modes arises.Comment: 39 page
Dispersive properties of quasi-phase-matched optical parametric amplifiers
The dispersive properties of non-degenerate optical parametric amplification
in quasi-phase-matched (QPM) nonlinear quadratic crystals with an arbitrary
grating profile are theoretically investigated in the no-pump-depletion limit.
The spectral group delay curve of the amplifier is shown to be univocally
determined by its spectral power gain curve through a Hilbert transform. Such a
constraint has important implications on the propagation of spectrally-narrow
optical pulses through the amplifier. In particular, it is shown that anomalous
transit times, corresponding to superluminal or even negative group velocities,
are possible near local minima of the spectral gain curve. A possible
experimental observation of such effects using a QPM Lithium-Niobate crystal is
suggested.Comment: submitted for publicatio
Response theory for time-resolved second-harmonic generation and two-photon photoemission
A unified response theory for the time-resolved nonlinear light generation
and two-photon photoemission (2PPE) from metal surfaces is presented. The
theory allows to describe the dependence of the nonlinear optical response and
the photoelectron yield, respectively, on the time dependence of the exciting
light field. Quantum-mechanical interference effects affect the results
significantly. Contributions to 2PPE due to the optical nonlinearity of the
surface region are derived and shown to be relevant close to a plasmon
resonance. The interplay between pulse shape, relaxation times of excited
electrons, and band structure is analyzed directly in the time domain. While
our theory works for arbitrary pulse shapes, we mainly focus on the case of two
pulses of the same mean frequency. Difficulties in extracting relaxation rates
from pump-probe experiments are discussed, for example due to the effect of
detuning of intermediate states on the interference. The theory also allows to
determine the range of validity of the optical Bloch equations and of
semiclassical rate equations, respectively. Finally, we discuss how collective
plasma excitations affect the nonlinear optical response and 2PPE.Comment: 27 pages, including 11 figures, version as publishe
Discrete molecular dynamics simulations of peptide aggregation
We study the aggregation of peptides using the discrete molecular dynamics
simulations. At temperatures above the alpha-helix melting temperature of a
single peptide, the model peptides aggregate into a multi-layer parallel
beta-sheet structure. This structure has an inter-strand distance of 0.48 nm
and an inter-sheet distance of 1.0 nm, which agree with experimental
observations. In this model, the hydrogen bond interactions give rise to the
inter-strand spacing in beta-sheets, while the Go interactions among side
chains make beta-strands parallel to each other and allow beta-sheets to pack
into layers. The aggregates also contain free edges which may allow for further
aggregation of model peptides to form elongated fibrils.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure
- …