Olivine Particle Reinforced Polyphenylene Sulfide Matrix Composites

Polyphenylene sulfide is a semicrystalline thermoplastic polymer. It offers an excellent balance of properties, including chemical resistance, high temperature resistance, dimensional stability, electrical characteristics and flowability. Polyphenylene sulfide must be filled with reinforced agents, such as fibers and fillers, to overcome its inherent brittleness. Because of its low viscosity, polyphenylene sulfide can be molded with high loading of fillers and reinforcements. These fillers and reinforcements will make a difference in the electrical properties, strength, dimensional stability, surface properties and overall cost. Because of its inherent flame retardancy, polyphenylene sulfide is ideal for high temperature electrical applications. On the other hand, olivine is volcanic based mineral with porous structure, which consists of forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄) and fayalite (Fe₂SiO₄). Both, its lower price compared to other minerals and harmlessness to human health increase the usage of olivine from day to day. For this reason olivine reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composite samples were manufactured at various weight ratios (0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt.%). Mechanical and scratch properties of samples were investigated and according to test results, it is concluded that olivine mineral can be used as a reinforcing agent material instead of other conventional fillers

The Effect of Low Temperature Plasma Nitriding on Wear Resistance of Ti6Al4V Alloy

The effect of low temperature plasma nitriding on wear resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy were investigated. There have been several studies to investigate the low temperature plasma nitriding on Ti6Al4V alloy. Plasma nitriding processes under gas mixture of $N_2$/$H_2$ = 3 were performed at temperature 535C for duration of 4, 8 and 12 h. Adhesive wear tests were carried out by using a tribometer in block-on-ring configuration (ASTM G77), in sliding conditions, without lubricants and in air. Surface hardness of the plasma nitrided samples were measured by a Vickers hardness tester machine. Scanning electron microscopy studies were conducted to understand the wear mechanisms involved during the adhesive wear. Wear rate was calculated using weight loss per unit sliding distance. It was found that the wear resistance and surface hardness of the alloy improved considerably after plasma nitriding process. The wear resistance of the plasma nitrided samples were higher than of the unnitrided samples. Extension of nitriding times from 4 h to 12 h in the Ti6Al4V alloy improved remerkably the wear resistance and surface hardness

Effects of Terpolymer Addition on the Thermal and Termomechanical Properties of Poly(Phenylene Sulfide)

Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) is one of the high-performance engineering polymers and it exhibits superior behavior, such as electrical insulation, dimensional and thermal stability, chemical resistance for various industrial applications. In addition to this, PPS has a high degree of crystallinity and it maintains these properties at high temperatures. These advantageous properties of PPS can be dependent on its chemical structure, composed of phenyl groups linked by a sulfur atom, which gives rigidity to the polymer chains. Owing to these properties, PPS is widely used in electrical and electronic components, automobile industry and mechanical applications. On the other hand, brittleness of PPS restricts its further applications. For this reason, ethylene-acrylic ester-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (Lotader®-AX8900) was used to overcome the brittleness of PPS. The effects of terpolymer addition on the thermal and thermomechanical properties of blends were investigated in this study. PPS/Lotader (0, 2, 5, 10 wt.% Lotader®) blends of various compositions were prepared. The blends were prepared by using laboratory scale micro compounder and injection molding machine. Thermomechanical and thermal properties of blends were investigated by means of dynamic mechanic analysis and differential scanning calorimeter test methods. As a result of this study, it was found that increasing loading level of Lotader® significantly decreased the crystallinity and increased glass transition temperature of PPS. On the other hand, Lotader® addition did not affect the melting temperature of PPS considerably. Results of dynamic mechanic analysis test revealed that while damping factor peak and loss modulus values of blends increased with the addition of Lotader®, storage modulus of blends decreased with the increasing loading level of Lotader®. When all test results are considered, it can be concluded that Lotader addition changes the brittle nature of PPS to ductile nature. In addition to this, 2 wt.% Lotader addition to PPS enables the optimum ductility for PPS without deteriorating its other properties

Improvement of the Toughness and Crack Propagation Resistance Properties of Poly(Phenylene Sulfide)

Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) is a high-performance thermoplastic engineering polymer, which exhibits outstanding properties such as electrical insulation, dimensional and thermal stability, chemical resistance, etc. In addition to this, PPS has a high degree of crystallinity and it exhibits good physical properties at elevated temperatures. Owing to these properties, PPS is widely used in electrical and electronic components, automobile industry and mechanical applications. These outstanding properties of PPS can be attributed to its chemical structure, composed of phenyl groups linked by a sulfur atom, which gives rigidity to the chain. On the other hand, the brittleness with low elongation strain, toughness and crack propagation resistance also restricts its further applications. Several methods are used to overcome these undesirable properties of PPS. Blending of PPS with other polymers is one of these methods. In this study, Ethylene-Acrylic Ester-Glycidyl Methacrylate terpolymer (Lotader®-AX8900) was used to improve the toughness and crack propagation resistance properties of PPS. For this purpose, PPS/Lotader (0, 2, 5, 10 wt.% Lotader) blends were prepared at various compositions. The blends were manufactured using laboratory scale twin screw extruder and injection molding machine. Mechanical properties of blends were investigated by using tensile test method. In addition to this, crack propagation and toughness of samples were investigated by using essential work of fracture (EWF) method. As a result of this study, it was found that Lotader addition significantly increases the toughness and crack propagation resistance of PPS

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Pumice Powder Filled PPS Composites

Recently, it is common application to use particle materials as fillers to improve engineering properties and lower the cost of finished product. Pumice powder is cheaper than most of traditional particle fillers, however use of pumice powders as a reinforcing material in composites has not been studied in literature. Hence, in this study we have investigated the mechanical and the thermal properties of pumice powder filled polyphenylenesulphide (PPS) composites. PPS composites were reinforced with pumice powder at different loading rates (0, 1, 3.5, and 10 wt%) and they were manufactured by twin screw extruder and injection molding machine. Thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter methods. Moreover, mechanical properties such as barcol hardness, tensile strength, and modulus of samples were investigated. Thermal properties of composite samples have varied significantly depending on the loading rate. Also mechanical properties of pumice powder filled PPS composites have showed better results than pure PPS. According to test results both of mechanical and thermal properties of composites have improved with pumice powder reinforcement and it is determined that pumice powders can be used instead of traditional particle fillers

ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Pumice Powder Filled PPS Composites

Recently, it is common application to use particle materials as llers to improve engineering properties and lower the cost of nished product. Pumice powder is cheaper than most of traditional particle llers, however use of pumice powders as a reinforcing material in composites has not been studied in literature. Hence, in this study we have investigated the mechanical and the thermal properties of pumice powder lled polyphenylenesulphide (PPS) composites. PPS composites were reinforced with pumice powder at dierent loading rates (0, 1, 3.5, and 10 wt%) and they were manufactured by twin screw extruder and injection molding machine. Thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and dierential scanning calorimeter methods. Moreover, mechanical properties such as barcol hardness, tensile strength, and modulus of samples were investigated. Thermal properties of composite samples have varied signicantly depending on the loading rate. Also mechanical properties of pumice powder lled PPS composites have showed better results than pure PPS. According to test results both of mechanical and thermal properties of composites have improved with pumice powder reinforcement and it is determined that pumice powders can be used instead of traditional particle llers