Comparison of efficacy of laser and radio-wave methods of surgical treatment of patients with chronic rhinitis

Introduction. Chronic rhinitis occurs more often in patients; it’s symptoms deteriorate their quality of life, affect sleeping, daily activity, and sometimes cause complications. The treatment depends on the clinical symptoms. In case of inefficiency of conservative therapy, surgery is indicated. Choosing an exact surgical instrument is still controversial.Objective. The aim of our study is to compare using semiconductor laser (wavelength 1.56 mkm) and radiofrequency (4 MHz) in patients with chronic rhinitis.Materials and methods. 60 patients with chronic drug-induced rhinitis aged 19–80 years were recruited and divided into two equal groups. All patients underwent surgical procedures: semiconductor laser (IRE-Polus) and radiofrequency (Ellman Surgitron) inferior nasal turbinate reduction. To assess and compare the healing process in two groups we used endoscopy and active anterior rhinomanometry. All patients filled out the SNOT-20 questionnaire. For the mucociliary clearance evaluation saccharin test was used. We observed patients during 12 months.Conclusion. Both, laser and radiofrequency, techniques are effective in patients with chronic rhinitis. In laser group shorter healing period was observed, what leads to rehabilitation shortening and life quality improvement

АНТИКОАГУЛЯНТНОЕ СОПРОВОЖДЕНИЕ ЧРЕСКОЖНЫХ КОРОНАРНЫХ ВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ БИВАЛИРУДИНА ИЛИ НЕФРАКЦИОНИРОВАННОГО ГЕПАРИНА ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СОСУДИСТЫХ ДОСТУПАХ

Purpose. Nowadays it is proved that the use of bivalirudin instead of unfractionated heparin (UFH) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) allows to reduce the number of bleeding complications. But at the same time there is no conclusive data on the clinical advantage of the use of bivalirudin over UFH during planned PCI. The purpose of the work was a comparison of shortterm and longterm results of PCI in subjects with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) associated with the infusion of bivalirudin and heparin, depending on the type of vascular access (transradial and transfemoral).Materials and methods. The study included 127 stable CAD subjects who underwent a planned PCI. By the method of simple randomization the subjects were divided into two groups: «Bivalirudin + transfemoral access» group (n=65) – bivalirudin was used as an anticoagulant during the intervention by femoral access and «Heparin + transradial access» group (n=62). The groups were comparable on major clinical and demographic indicators and risk factors for bleeding complications (14±7 vs. 13±6 scores on «Mehran Score», p=0,451). Endpoints were death, myocardial infarction (MI), repeated myocardial revascularization (RMR), episodes of bleeding during hospitalization and the total number of adverse cardiovascular events during hospitalization and in 1 year after randomization.Results. After 30 days of observation, the group «bivalirudin» (transfemoral access, n=65) and the group «UFH» (transradial access, n=62) did not differ in the number of fatal outcomes (no cases in both groups), the frequency of RMR (1,5% vs 1,6%, correspondingly, p=0,998), MI (3,1% vs. 1,6%, correspondingly, p=0,899), bleeding episodes during the hospital stay (4,6%, vs. 3,2%, correspondingly, p=0,899). The total number of cardiovascular complications was 4,6% and 3,2%, correspondingly, p=0,675. The results of one year follow-up in both groups also did not differ in the number of fatal outcomes (0% vs. 1,6%, correspondingly, p=0,946), MI (7,7% vs. 6,5%, correspondingly, p=0,656), RMR (7,7% vs. 4,8%, correspondingly, p=0,785), MACE (15,3% vs. 11,3%, correspondingly, p=0,677).Conclusion. Short-term and long-term results of planned PCI performed by transradial access with UFH anticoagulant support and PCI performed by transfemoral access ) associated with administration of bivalirudin are comparable both in the number of postoperative bleeding complications and in the number of adverse cardiovascular events.Цель. В настоящее время доказано, что использование бивалирудина вместо нефракционированного гепарина (НФГ) во время первичного чрескожного коронарного вмешательства (ЧКВ) позволяет уменьшить количество геморрагических осложнений. Но в то же время нет убедительных данных о клиническом преимуществе использования бивалирудина над НФГ во время планового ЧКВ. Целью работы являлось сопоставление ближайших и отдаленных результатов ЧКВ у больных со стабильным течением ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС) на фоне инфузии бивалирудина и гепарина в зависимости от вида сосудистого доступа (трансрадиальный и трансфеморальный).Материалы и методы . В исследование включено 127 больных со стабильной ИБС, которым было проведено плановое ЧКВ. Методом простой рандомизации пациенты были разделены на две группы: «Бивалирудин + трансфеморальный доступ» (n=65) – в качестве антикоагулянта во время проведения вмешательства трансфеморальным доступом использовался бивалирудин, и «Гепарин + трансрадиальный доступ» (n=62). Группы были сопоставимы по основным клинико-демографическим показателям и факторам риска геморрагических осложнений (14±7 против 13±6 баллов по «Mehran Score», р=0,451). Конечными точками являлись смерть, инфаркт миокарда (ИМ), повторная реваскуляризации миокарда (ПРМ), эпизоды кровотечений во время госпитализации и общее количество неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий в течение госпитализации и через год после рандомизации. Результаты. Через 30 дней наблюдения группа бивалирудина (трансфеморальный доступ, n=65) и группа НФГ (трансрадиальный доступ, n=62) не различались по количеству летальных исходов (ни одного случая в обеих группах), частоте ПРМ (1,5 % против 1,6 % соответственно, р=0,998), ИМ (3,1 % против 1,6 %, соответственно р=0,899), эпизодов кровотечений за время пребывания в стационаре (4,6 % против 3,2 % соответственно, р=0,899). Общее количество сердечно-сосудистых осложнений составило 4,6 и 3,2 % соответственно, р=0,675. Результаты одного года наблюдения в обеих группах также не различались по количеству летальных исходов (0 % против 1,6 % соответственно, р=0,946), ИМ (7,7 % против 6,5 % соответственно, р=0,656), ПРМ (7,7 % против 4,8 % соответственно, р=0,785), МАСЕ (15,3 % против 11,3 % соответственно, р=0,677).Выводы. Ближайшие и отдаленные результаты планового ЧКВ, выполненного трансрадиальным доступом на фоне антикоагулянтного сопровождения НФГ и ЧКВ, выполненного трансфеморальным доступом на фоне введения бивалирудина, сопоставимы как по количеству послеоперационных геморрагических осложнений, так и по числу неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий

Viral Load in COVID-19: Underestimated Clinical and Epidemiological Marker

Background. The viral load of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the new coronavirus infection, is becoming increasingly important in clinical and epidemiological contexts. Despite this, there are significant complexities in the implementation of viral load quantitative measurement into clinical practice due to the limited approaches to its assessment.The aim of this work was to develop an approach for SARS-CoV-2 viral load analysis by the value of sample threshold cycles (Ct) relative to the Ct of the internal control sample obtained in routine PCR diagnostics of the COVID-19, and to use this approach for quantitative monitoring of viral load in patients with first positive SARS-CoV-2 test from the Irkutsk region.Materials and methods. Using regression models based on the least squares method, an approach to determine the number of copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 1 ml of nasopharyngeal secretion was developed. The viral load of SARS-CoV-2 was assessed in nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal samples obtained from 1370 patients from Irkutsk and Angarsk with primary diagnosed positive PCR result in the period from July 1 to November 10, 2020.Results. A tenfold increase in the average monthly viral load among patients in September-October 2020 was revealed. We assume that the change in the epidemiological pattern of the spread of the new coronavirus infection during this period is associated with an increase in the number of contacts in the population due to the school year beginning. Higher viral loads are observed in populations at risk for COVID-19 – among healthcare workers and adults/elderly patients. Conclusion. The development of a standardized quantification of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the nasopharyngeal samples can be a predictive clinical marker and a reliable tool for improving COVID-19 surveillance using the proposed approach to assess average viral load in a local population

Selective Media for Actinide Collection and Pre-Concentration: Results of FY 2006 Studies

In this work, we have investigated new materials for potential use in automated radiochemical separations. The work can be divided into three primary tasks: (1) synthesis of new ligands with high affinity for actinide ions, (2) evaluation of new materials for actinide ion affinity, and (3) computational design of advanced ligand architectures for highly selective binding of actinide ions. Ligand Synthesis Work was conducted on synthesizing Kl?ui ligand derivatives containing functionalized pendant groups on the cyclopentadienyl ring. The functionalized pendent groups would allow these ligands to be attached to organic and inorganic solid supports. This work focused on synthesizing the compound Na[Cp?Co(PO(OC2H5)2)3], where Cp?= C5H4C(O)OCH3. Synthesizing this compound is feasible, but the method used in FY 2006 produced an impure material. A modified synthetic scheme has been developed and will be pursued in FY 2007. Work was also initiated on synthesizing bicyclic diamides functionalized for binding to polymeric resins or other surfaces. Researchers at the University of Oregon are collaborators in this work. To date, this effort has focused on synthesizing and characterizing a symmetrically substituted bicyclic diamide ligand with the ?COOH functionality. Again, this synthetic effort will continue into FY 2007. Separations Material Evaluation Work was conducted in FY 2006 to provide a more extensive set of data on the selectivity and affinity of extraction chromatography resins prepared by sorption of Kl?ui ligand onto an inert macroreticular polymeric support. Consistent with previous observations, it was found that these materials strongly bind tetravalent actinides. These materials also adsorb trivalent actinides at low nitric acid concentrations, but the affinity for the trivalent actinides decreases with increasing nitric acid concentration. These materials have relatively low affinity for U(VI), but they do sorb U(VI) to a greater extent than Am(III) at [HNO3] > 0.3 M. Preliminary results suggest that the Kl?ui resins can separate Pu(IV) from sample solutions containing high concentrations of competing ions. Conceptual protocols for recovery of the Pu from the resin for subsequent analysis have been proposed, but further work is needed to perfect these techniques. Work on this subject will be continued in FY 2007. Automated laboratory equipment (in conjunction with Task 3 of the NA-22 Automation Project) will be used in FY 2007 to improve the efficiency of these experiments. The sorption of actinide ions on self-assembled monolayer on mesoporous supports materials containing diphosphonate groups was also investigated. These materials also showed a very high affinity for tetravalent actinides, and they also sorbed U(VI) fairly strongly. Computational Ligand Design An extended MM3 molecular mechanics model was developed for calculating the structures of Kl?ui ligand complexes. This laid the groundwork necessary to perform the computer-aided design of bis-Kl?ui architectures tailored for Pu(IV) complexation. Calculated structures of the Kl?ui ligand complexes [Pu(Kl?ui)2(OH2)2]2+ and [Fe(Kl?ui)2]+ indicate a ''bent'' sandwich arrangement of the Kl?ui ligands in the Pu(IV) complex, whereas the Fe(III) complex prefers a ''linear'' octahedral arrangement of the two Kl?ui ligands. This offers the possibility that two Kl?ui ligands can be tethered together to form a material with very high binding affinity for Pu(IV) over Fe(III). The next step in the design process is to use de novo molecule building software (HostDesigner) to identify potential candidate architectures

Online service for interpretation of the resistance prediction results to bedaquiline by the molecular data

Background. Bedaquiline is a new and promising anti-tuberculosis drug, but longterm use requires resistance. This is due to mutations in the atpE and mmpR genes in M. tuberculosis (MBT).The aim of the research was to test a system for automated interpretation of results for predicting resistance to bedaquiline by the molecular data.Materials and methods. DNA was isolated from strains of M. tuberculosis in the Irkutsk region and Yakutia. The total quantity of DNA samples was 27 strains from Yakutia and 21 strains from the Irkutsk region. The study of MBT genomes was carried out on the DNA previously obtained by the authors in the territories of the Irkutsk region (n = 5), Yakutia (n = 4), Buryatia (n = 3), Zabaykalskiy kray (n = 4) and the Far East (n = 8). We used the BSATool program to detect bedaquiline resistance based on  Sanger and genomic data. Sanger sequencing analyzed the atpE and  mmpR genes, and whole genome sequencing examined mutations in the same sequences, as well as additionally in mmpL5, mmpS5, Rv0678, Rv1979c, and pepQ.Results. Complete agreement between the phenotypic and genotypic analysis of resistance to bedaquiline was found for three strains from Yakutia. One genome with significant mutations to bedaquiline was identified. A conclusion was made about the importance of molecular analysis of target genes with subsequent detection of resistance to bedaquiline in silico