Higijenski uvjeti u osnovnim i srednjim školama na području Splitsko-dalmatinske županije

This paper gives an assessment of hygienic conditions found in 22 primary and 12 secondary schools in the city of Split during the school year 1990/91. The data were compared with the results of a similar investigation carried out in eight primary schools in the neighbouring Sinj area. The assessment consisted of the examination of the facilities, questionnaires, and microbiological analysis of numerous samples. Most schools failed to meet the recommendations for hygienic and sanitary maintenance, particularly with regard to sanitary facilities for students and staff. Exposure to noise, inadequate lighting, and poor maintenance of gymnasiums were noticed. Of the total number of smears taken from the students’ hands and various surfaces in schools in the Sinj area, group D streptococcus was isolated in 62% and E. coli in 43% of samples. Both bacteria indicate faecal contamination. The data suggest a low level of personal and general hygiene in schools. It is necessary to improve the hygienic conditions in the schools of the Split and Sinj area and to focus on health education. It would reduce the risk of intestinal and respiratory infectious diseases and potential sight and hearing impairments in students.Tijekom 1990./91. školske godine istraživani su ekološko-higijenski uvjeti u 22 osnovne škole i 12 srednjoškolskih centara u gradu Splitu. Podaci su uspoređeni sa sličnim istraživanjem provedenim 1995./96. školske godine u osam osnovnih škola na sinjskom području. Cilj rada bio je evaluirati učinke preventivnih mjera u sprječavanju bolesti i stanja koja mogu nastati zbog loših higijenskih uvjeta u školskoj sredini. Ekološko-higijenski uvjeti ocijenjeni su na temelju pregleda objekata, anketnog upitnika i mikrobiološkog ispitivanja. Većina škola nije zadovoljavala preporuke higijensko-sanitarnog održavanja školskog prostora, osobito sanitarnih čvorova za učenike i nastavnike. Uočeni su i nedostaci kao izloženost buci, neadekvatna rasvjeta te nedovoljan broj, loša kvaliteta i održavanje dvorana za tjelesni odgoj. Od ukupnog broja uzetih brisova u školama na sinjskom području iz 62% izoliran je streptokok grupe D, a iz 43% E. coli. Navedene bakterije su pokazatelji fekalnog onečišćenja. Dobiveni podaci upućuju na nisku razinu osobne i opće higijene u školama. Potrebno je sanirati građevinsko-tehničko i ekološko-higijensko stanje u školama na splitskom i sinjskom području te provoditi zdravstveni odgoj. To bi smanjilo rizik pojave crijevnih i respiratornih zaraznih bolesti te mogućih oštećenja vida i sluha učenikâ

The Processing of Turning Colour Olives of Oblica Cultivar

In this research the observation of the preservation process of turning colour olives of Oblica cultivar (an autochthonous Croatian cultivar) processed according to the Californian type of processing has been carried out. Although the oblica cultivar is the most frequent cultivar in Croatian orchards, it is absolutely unexplored concerning the concentration of polyphenolic compounds (oleuropein and its derivatives) as well as concerning the composition of natural microflora in the fruit. It has been very important to determine to what extent the choice of preserving technology is optimal for the cultivar’s particularities. The changes of fundamental physical and chemical features of brine (total acidity, pH value, the concentration of sodium chloride, the concentration of sugar, and brine temperature) have been screened during the process of preservation. The appearance of the lactobacilli population has also been observed. The Lactobacillus plantarum species has been isolated and identified in this population on the seventh day after the fruit has been put in brine. The Lactobacillus plantarum species has been isolated and identified by means of the API 50 CHL (“bioMérieux”, France) biochemical test and the APILAB PLUS (“bioMérieux”, France) software. During further phases of the process, no appearance of the lactobacilli has been identified. On the basis of our physical and chemical examinations, we have concluded that the type of processing of turning colour olives of Oblica cultivar (which was applied without a complete knowledge of the Oblica’s particularities) did not give optimal and expected values (low brine temperature, exceptionally high acidity of the medium). We have also concluded that it is necessary for further research to include the examinations of the portion of polyphenolic compounds in the fruit, as well as the examinations of the composition of naturally present microflora. Both examinations represent the prerequisites for an optimal process of preservation and for reaching the best quality of the product

Seasonal changes of some physical-chemical characteristics of milk from Dalmatian Pramenka ewes

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj godine i sezone na sadržaj mliječne masti i fizikalne odlike (titracijsku kiselost, pH vrijednost, točku ledišta i gustoću) ovčjeg mlijeka. U tu svrhu je sa šest obiteljskih poljoprivrednih gospodarstava na području Splitsko dalmatinske županije (okolica Sinja i Drniša) koja se bave uzgojem čistokrvnih ovaca dalmatinske pramenke, tijekom razdoblja mužnje (od početka travnja do kraja kolovoza) u 2009. i 2010. godini, prikupljeno ukupno 114 skupnih uzoraka mlijeka (54 uzorka 2009. i 60 uzoraka 2010. godine). U istraživanim stadima ovce su držane u sličnim (poluekstenzivnim) uvjetima, pri čemu je paša bila temeljni sastojak ljetnog, a livadno i lucerkino sijeno zimskog obroka ovaca. Utvrđene su prosječne vrijednosti analiziranih fizikalno-kemijskih odlika mlijeka i to: sadržaj mliječne masti 6,96 %, titracijska kiselost 8,06 °SH, ionometrijska kiselost 6,77 pH, točka ledišta -0,5611 °C, gustoća 1,036 g/cm3. Godina janjenja značajno je utjecala na sadržaj mliječne masti (P<0,05), kao i na titracijsku kiselost ovčjeg mlijeka (P<0,01). Utvrđen je značajan utjecaj sezone na udio mliječne masti (P<0,01) i na analizirane fizikalne odlike mlijeka ovaca dalmatinske pramenke (P<0,05).The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of year and season on milk fat content and physical properties (titratable acidity, pH value, freezing point, density) of ewe’s milk. Total of 114 bulk milk samples were collected from six flocks of purebred Dalmatian Pramenka ewes located in Splitsko-dalmatinska county (surrounding of Sinj and Drniš) during milking period (from early April till late August) in 2009 and 2010. In all investigated flocks ewes were kept in similar (semi-extensive) management system, with pasture dominated in summer ration, while meadow and alfalfa hay dominated in winter ration. Mean values of physicalchemical characteristics of milk were: milk fat content 6.96 %, titratable acidity 8.06 °SH, ionometric acidity 6.77 pH, freezing point -0.5611 °C, density 1.036 g/cm3. The year significantly affected the content of milk fat (P<0.05), as well as titratable acidity of milk (P<0.01). Significant influence of season on milk fat content (P<0.01) and all analyzed physical properties of milk (P <0.05) was determined

Integration of Supercritical Fluid and Deep Eutectic Solvents

Funding Information: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101003396. The biological activity has been supported by research ID: 3105-12-21. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.A green and sustainable procedure for obtaining Lavandula stoechas extracts with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties was investigated. Green solvents, supercritical CO2, and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) together with ultrasound-assisted extraction were used for the sequential extraction of terpene and polyphenols fractions. After the CO2 extraction of the terpene fraction, the residue material was used in an extraction with different NADES (betaine-ethylene glycol (Bet:EG), betaine-glycerol (Bet:Gly), and glycerol-glucose (Gly:Glu)), intensified with an ultrasound-assisted method (at 30 and 60 °C). In the CO2 extract, the major group of components belonged to oxygenated monoterpenes, while the highest polyphenol content with the dominant rutin (438.93 ± 4.60 µg/mL) was determined in Bet:EG extracts (60 °C). Bet:EG extracts also exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity according to DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Moreover, Bet:EG extracts showed significant inhibitory activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with minimum inhibitory activity of 0.781–3.125 and 1.563–6.250 mg·mL−1, respectively. By comparing the polyphenolic content and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Bet:EG extracts with extracts obtained with conventional solvents (water and ethanol), the superiority of NADES was determined. The established environmentally friendly procedure unifies the requirements of green and sustainable development and modern pharmacognosy because it combines the use of safe alternative solvents, the absence of solvent waste generation, more rational use of resources, and the attainment of safe and quality extracts.publishersversionpublishe

International Symposium on Environmental Management Towards Sustainable Technologies Conference Proceedings CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS of SEM2011 Editors: Scientific and Organizing Committee

Abstract The manufacture of portland cement (PC) consumes huge amount of energy and has a significant CO 2 emission. Calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSAC) is a promising alternative binder to PC due to: a) lower limestone requirement in CSAC; b) about 200 K lower sintering temperature for CSAC than for PC; and c) much easier grinding of the fired CSAC. Each of these arguments considerably reduces energy consumption and CO 2 emission from cement manufacture. In this paper, the potential benefits offered by CSAC production from industrial wastes or byproducts already present in Republic of Croatia had been addressed. A variety of industrial wastes, namely phosphogypsum (PG), coal bottom ash (BA) and electric arc furnace slag (EAFS), were used as raw materials to provide additional environmental advantages in production of CSAC. Mass fraction of Klein&apos;s compound (the principal hydraulic mineral) in the prepared CSAC was determined by quantitative X-ray powder diffraction. In conclusion, CSAC production offers an alternative and feasible way of industrial waste minimization