A bibliometric analysis of automatic and semi-automatic ontology construction processes

Through a bibliometric analysis, the paper reveals the current state and the global research trend in the areas of automatic ontology construction process (AOCP) and semi-automatic ontology construction process (SOCP) during the period of 2000-2016. Scopus, GoogleScholar, and Scitepress digital library were used to extract the data for analysis. The study revealed that the majority of the works were published in conference proceedings. China was found to be the most contributing country in this area followed by USA, France, and Spain. The University of Karlsruhe contributed the maximum publications in both AOCP and SOCP whereas Peking University contributed largely to AOCP and Jozef StefanInstitute contributed largely only to SOCP. The majority of the researchers were from computer science background but a significant number of researchers were also from other disciplines including engineering and allied operations, library and information science, management and auxiliary services, making this research area truly interdisciplinary

A case of drug induced oral erythema multiforme

Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute, self-limited, usually mild, and often relapsing mucocutaneous syndrome. It occurs predominantly in younger age group with slight male preponderance. The classical cutaneous target lesions and mucosal bullae or erosions are clinical manifestations of EM. Drug induced oral EM a rare clinical entity which involves only the lips and oral mucosa without skin involvement. These lesions are difficult in diagnosing with other oral ulcerative lesions with similar clinical manifestations. Here we are reporting a case of phenylbutazone induced oral EM. The causality of phenylbutazone in the reaction was “probable” as per Naranjo scale and seriousness of the reaction was “prolonged hospitalization”. The patient was managed by immediate withdrawal of the suspected drug along with conservative managements to prevent secondary infections. The patient was discharged successfully after 15 days of admission

A study of management of trochanteric fracture of femur treated with dynamic sliding hip screw-plate device vs. proximal femoral nail

Background: The incidence of intertrochanteric fractures has been increasing significantly due to the rising age of modern human populations. Generally, intramedullary fixation [proximal femoral nail (PFN) and gamma nail] and extra-medullary fixation [dynamic hip screw (DHS)] are the 2 primary options for treatment of such fractures.  Objectives: The goal of this study is to compare the clinical and radiographical results of DHS and PFN for the treatment of trochanteric hip fractures. Methods: Patients with trochanteric fractures were treated either with DHS or  PFN in the Department of Orthopaedics, M.G.M. Medical College and L.S.K Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar from October 2010 to October 2012 were included for this study.Results: Forty three patients (24 male and 19 female, ratio of M:F 1.26:1) surgically treated for trochanteric fractures were divided into two groups. Group 1: 25 hips treated with DHS and group 2: 18 hips treated with PFN. The outcome for each group was analyzed, and total operative time, time to union, complications (early and late), and mortality were recorded. The results were statistically compared. Out of 25 cases of DHS, majority cases (13) took between 1 hour 36 minutes to 2 hours. Whereas, out of 18 cases of PFN, majority (8) took 1 hour to 1 hour 30 minutes. The mean time to union for group 1 was 2.09 months and 1.69 months for group 2. Early and late complication rates between treatment groups revealed no statistically significant differences. Total duration of surgery was significantly lower for PFN than it was for DHS. A comparison of time to union and overall mortality demonstrated no statistically significant differences. Conclusions: We detected no differences between the two treatment groups in regard to early versus late complications, time to union, and overall mortality; however, with its shorter operative period, PFN is a good alternative to the DHS

A prospective study of distal radius fracture management by close reduction, percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation and plaster immobilization

Background: Distal radius fracture is one of the most common fractures. It may be sustained due to low-energy trauma or high-energy trauma. Objectives: To compare the clinical effectiveness of Kirschner wire fixation with and plaster immobilization for patients with fracture of the distal radius.Methods: Interventions Kirschner wire fixation: wires are passed through the skin over the dorsal aspect of the distal radius and into the bone to hold the fracture in the correct anatomical position. About 79 patients with Distal Radial Fractures presented to MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj between November 2012 and June 2014 were included in the study.Results: The majority were men (60.4%). Majority of the patients (69.8%) sustained the injury due to fall. The side of involvement was nearly equal and that there was no predominance of the either sides. In our study, according to AO classification, 31 cases were of Type A, 17 were of Type B and 5 were of Type C. The Anatomical evaluation by Sarmiento’s Criteria showed 33 patients with excellent result, 15 patients with good result and 5 with a fair result. At final follow-up by ‘The Gartland and Werley criteria for functional outcome’ 37 patients had excellent result, 13 had good result, 2 had fair result and 1 had a poor result. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that percutaneous Kirschner wire pinning is a minimally invasive technique that provides an effective means of maintaining the anatomical fracture reduction. It does not required highly skilled personnel or sophisticated tools for application. It is a suitable method for fixation of displaced Colles fracture with minimal intra-articular involvement. The technique involves a minimal procedure that provides anatomic reduction, fracture fixation, and maintenance of reduction with an adequate method of immobilization

Sulfur mustard exposure disrupts transmembrane water channel proteins in rabbit corneas in vivo

Transmembrane water channel proteins, Aquaporins (AQPs), regulate corneal homeostasis, hydration, and transparency influencing keratocyte function, inflammatory and wound healing processes in vivo. The functional role of AQPs in mustard gas keratopathy (MGK) remain elusive. Recently, for the first time, we identified involvement of AQP in MGK in vivo (Bhend et. al., Exp Eye Res 2023). This study investigated (a) the effects of sulfur mustard (SM) gas exposure on AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5 transcript and protein levels in rabbit cornea in vivo and (b) tested if SM toxicity to corneal aquaporins could be mitigated by topical eye drop (TED). New Zealand White Rabbits exposed to SM vapor (200 mg-min/m3 for 8 mins) were divided into 3 groups: Naïve, SM, and SM+TED (2 drops/day for 4-week). At 2- and 4-month post SM-exposure, corneas were collected after humane euthanasia, snap-frozen, and used to generate serial tissue sections and cDNAs. Histopathological, immunofluorescence, and qRT-PCR anal yses measured changes in AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5 transcript and protein levels. The clinical eye tests and imaging in live rabbits were performed with slit-lamp microscope, in vivo confocal microscope, specular microscope, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein staining, Schirmer’s tests, pachymetry, applanation tonometry. The SM-exposed rabbit corneas showed significant decrease AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5 mRNA and protein levels compared to naïve corneas at 2- and 4-month post-SM (p[less than]0.001). Further, the TED treatment mitigated SM toxicity to AQPs at both tested times (p[less than]0.001, p[less than]0.01, p=0.004, p=0.03). These results demand in-depth investigation of aquaporin’s role in MGK. Additional studies are underway

Morpho-biochemical characterization of a RIL population for seed parameters and identification of candidate genes regulating seed size trait in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

The seed size and shape in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) are important quality traits as these influences the milled grain yield, cooking time, and market class of the grains. Linkage analysis was done for seed size in a RIL (F5:6) population derived by crossing L830 (20.9 g/1000 seeds) with L4602 (42.13 g/1000 seeds) which consisted of 188 lines (15.0 to 40.5 g/1000 seeds). Parental polymorphism survey using 394 SSRs identified 31 polymorphic primers, which were used for the bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Marker PBALC449 differentiated the parents and small seed size bulk only, whereas large seeded bulk or the individual plants constituting the large-seeded bulk could not be differentiated. Single plant analysis identified only six recombinant and 13 heterozygotes, of 93 small-seeded RILs (<24.0 g/1000 seed). This clearly showed that the small seed size trait is very strongly regulated by the locus near PBLAC449; whereas, large seed size trait seems governed by more than one locus. The PCR amplified products from the PBLAC449 marker (149bp from L4602 and 131bp from L830) were cloned, sequenced and BLAST searched using the lentil reference genome and was found amplified from chromosome 03. Afterward, the nearby region on chromosome 3 was searched, and a few candidate genes like ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase, E3 ubiquitin ligase, TIFY-like protein, and hexosyltransferase having a role in seed size determination were identified. Validation study in another RIL mapping population which is differing for seed size, showed a number of SNPs and InDels among these genes when studied using whole genome resequencing (WGRS) approach. Biochemical parameters like cellulose, lignin, and xylose content showed no significant differences between parents and the extreme RILs, at maturity. Various seed morphological traits like area, length, width, compactness, volume, perimeter, etc., when measured using VideometerLab 4.0 showed significant differences for the parents and RILs. The results have ultimately helped in better understanding the region regulating the seed size trait in genomically less explored crops like lentils

A synergistic ozone-climate control to address emerging ozone pollution challenges

Tropospheric ozone threatens human health and crop yields, exacerbates global warming, and fundamentally changes atmospheric chemistry. Evidence has pointed toward widespread ozone increases in the troposphere, and particularly surface ozone is chemically complex and difficult to abate. Despite past successes in some regions, a solution to new challenges of ozone pollution in a warming climate remains unexplored. In this perspective, by compiling surface measurements at ∼4,300 sites worldwide between 2014 and 2019, we show the emerging global challenge of ozone pollution, featuring the unintentional rise in ozone due to the uncoordinated emissions reduction and increasing climate penalty. On the basis of shared emission sources, interactive chemical mechanisms, and synergistic health effects between ozone pollution and climate warming, we propose a synergistic ozone-climate control strategy incorporating joint control of ozone and fine particulate matter. This new solution presents an opportunity to alleviate tropospheric ozone pollution in the forthcoming low-carbon transition.This study was supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region via General Research Funds (HKBU 15219621 and PolyU 15212421) and a Theme-based Research Scheme (T24-504/17-N). The authors acknowledge the support of the Australia–China Centre on Air Quality Science and Management. R.S. acknowledges support from ANID/FONDAP/1522A0001. D.S. thanks the program of Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) (436466/2018-0). X.X. acknowledges funding from the Natural Science Foundation of China (41330422) and the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (2020KJ003). K.L. is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (42205114), Jiangsu Carbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Innovation fund (BK20220031), and the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST. We sincerely appreciate all the organizations and programs introduced in the section “experimental procedures” for freely providing ozone data. We thank Dr. Owen Cooper (University of Colorado, Boulder, and NOAA) for insightful guidance and discussion. No organization or program will be responsible for the results generated from their data.Peer reviewe

Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of chewing tobacco use in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Interpretation Chewing tobacco remains a substantial public health problem in several regions of the world, and predominantly in south Asia. We found little change in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use between 1990 and 2019, and that control efforts have had much larger effects on the prevalence of smoking tobacco use than on chewing tobacco use in some countries. Mitigating the health effects of chewing tobacco requires stronger regulations and policies that specifically target use of chewing tobacco, especially in countries with high prevalence. Findings In 2019, 273 center dot 9 million (95% uncertainty interval 258 center dot 5 to 290 center dot 9) people aged 15 years and older used chewing tobacco, and the global age-standardised prevalence of chewing tobacco use was 4 center dot 72% (4 center dot 46 to 5 center dot 01). 228 center dot 2 million (213 center dot 6 to 244 center dot 7; 83 center dot 29% [82 center dot 15 to 84 center dot 42]) chewing tobacco users lived in the south Asia region. Prevalence among young people aged 15-19 years was over 10% in seven locations in 2019. Although global agestandardised prevalence of smoking tobacco use decreased significantly between 1990 and 2019 (annualised rate of change: -1 center dot 21% [-1 center dot 26 to -1 center dot 16]), similar progress was not observed for chewing tobacco (0 center dot 46% [0 center dot 13 to 0 center dot 79]). Among the 12 highest prevalence countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Sri Lanka, and Yemen), only Yemen had a significant decrease in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use, which was among males between 1990 and 2019 (-0 center dot 94% [-1 center dot 72 to -0 center dot 14]), compared with nine of 12 countries that had significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking tobacco. Among females, none of these 12 countries had significant decreases in prevalence of chewing tobacco use, whereas seven of 12 countries had a significant decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking use for the period. Summary Background Chewing tobacco and other types of smokeless tobacco use have had less attention from the global health community than smoked tobacco use. However, the practice is popular in many parts of the world and has been linked to several adverse health outcomes. Understanding trends in prevalence with age, over time, and by location and sex is important for policy setting and in relation to monitoring and assessing commitment to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Methods We estimated prevalence of chewing tobacco use as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 using a modelling strategy that used information on multiple types of smokeless tobacco products. We generated a time series of prevalence of chewing tobacco use among individuals aged 15 years and older from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories, including age-sex specific estimates. We also compared these trends to those of smoked tobacco over the same time period. Findings In 2019, 273 & middot;9 million (95% uncertainty interval 258 & middot;5 to 290 & middot;9) people aged 15 years and older used chewing tobacco, and the global age-standardised prevalence of chewing tobacco use was 4 & middot;72% (4 & middot;46 to 5 & middot;01). 228 & middot;2 million (213 & middot;6 to 244 & middot;7; 83 & middot;29% [82 & middot;15 to 84 & middot;42]) chewing tobacco users lived in the south Asia region. Prevalence among young people aged 15-19 years was over 10% in seven locations in 2019. Although global age standardised prevalence of smoking tobacco use decreased significantly between 1990 and 2019 (annualised rate of change: -1 & middot;21% [-1 & middot;26 to -1 & middot;16]), similar progress was not observed for chewing tobacco (0 & middot;46% [0 & middot;13 to 0 & middot;79]). Among the 12 highest prevalence countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Sri Lanka, and Yemen), only Yemen had a significant decrease in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use, which was among males between 1990 and 2019 (-0 & middot;94% [-1 & middot;72 to -0 & middot;14]), compared with nine of 12 countries that had significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking tobacco. Among females, none of these 12 countries had significant decreases in prevalence of chewing tobacco use, whereas seven of 12 countries had a significant decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking use for the period. Interpretation Chewing tobacco remains a substantial public health problem in several regions of the world, and predominantly in south Asia. We found little change in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use between 1990 and 2019, and that control efforts have had much larger effects on the prevalence of smoking tobacco use than on chewing tobacco use in some countries. Mitigating the health effects of chewing tobacco requires stronger regulations and policies that specifically target use of chewing tobacco, especially in countries with high prevalence. Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. Methods We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available. Findings Globally in 2019, 1.14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1.13-1.16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7.41 trillion (7.11-7.74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27.5% [26. 5-28.5] reduction) and females (37.7% [35.4-39.9] reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0.99 billion (0.98-1.00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7.69 million (7.16-8.20) deaths and 200 million (185-214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20.2% [19.3-21.1] of male deaths). 6.68 million [86.9%] of 7.69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers. Interpretation In the absence of intervention, the annual toll of 7.69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades. Substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of smoking tobacco use has been observed in countries from all regions and at all stages of development, but a large implementation gap remains for tobacco control. Countries have a dear and urgent opportunity to pass strong, evidence-based policies to accelerate reductions in the prevalence of smoking and reap massive health benefits for their citizens. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe