Job stress among nurses in tertiary care hospital: identifying risk factor of poor mental health

Background: Occupational stress may have a negative effect on an employee's health when workplace stresses outweigh the capacity of an employee to exercise some control over their job or cope in those other ways. Nurses experience stress and health difficulties as a result of the nature of their employment, their interaction with patients, and their exposure to mortality. Given that emotions may influence job results, emotional intelligence (EI) may help explain why individuals respond differently to work stress. Methods: The approach adopted for this study is quantitative research approach. A descriptive research design was taken to identify the study sample which were 105 staff nurses selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique. Occupational stress assessment was measured using the Srivastava and Singh (1984) occupational stress index. Results: It was seen that occupational stress level among staff nurses. 60% participants showed the moderate stress level score (116-161) followed 36.2% in high level (more than 161) and 3.8% depicted low stress (71-115). No one expressed that there is no stress. Type of hospital administration showed a significant association with occupational stress.Conclusions: The study concluded that the present study emphasis that majority of the nurses working in hospital at Pune city are affected with occupational stress and don’t bear good psychological wellbeing. Occupational Stress has become the most important factor influencing individual efficacy and satisfaction in modern day work environment. Nursing profession is increasingly characterized by high occupational stress

Prevalence and impact of falls as domestic injury among rural housewives of Raipur District, Chhattisgarh, India

Introduction: The most common domestic injury among housewives is falling from stairs and ramps or on the floor. The present study aimed to find and associate the prevalence of falls with various agents, risk factors causing falls and the impact of falls among rural housewives. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 500 randomly selected housewives from rural areas of Raipur district, Chhattisgarh in the month of March to June 2019. Demographic data and information regarding the occurrence of falls, various agents & factors associated with falls were collected by questionnaires, lux meter, anemometer and sound level meter through interviews, and observation techniques. The Nordic questionnaire was used to assess the impact of falls. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 20 statistical package. Results: 295 out of 500 housewives had domestic injuries which included 12.8 % of fall injuries. Fall had a significant association with various physical agents like illumination in the living room (χ2=11.004, df=1), relative humidity of the kitchen (χ2=18.03, df=2) and presence of adequate natural light (χ2=11.232, df=1). Even various personal risk factors were significant causes of falls like wearing slippers on a wet floor (χ2=11.845, df=1), presence of open electric wires (χ2=4.84, df=1), self-cleaning of toilet & floor (χ2=11.371, df=1) and self-cooking (χ2=10.959, df=1). Heavy works like carrying water in a big container (χ2=6.025, df=1), working under direct sunlight (χ2=4.195, df=1), prolonged standing while cooking or on an agricultural field (χ2=32.073, df=1) and using of hand pump per day to draw water (χ2=42.329, df=1) were highly significant causes of domestic fall. Conclusion: Findings of the study concluded that fall was very much prevalent among housewives, and being at home still housewives are exposed to various agents and personal risk factors causing fall

Enhancing Seed Set and Seed Yield of Sewan Grass (\u3cem\u3eLasiurus sindicus\u3c/em\u3e) through Physiological Approaches

Western part of Rajasthan, the Thar desert, is the most thickly populated desert of the World, possessing more than 55 million population each of human and livestock. Aberrant weather conditions and poor soil fertility pose major threats to arable crops cultivation. Livestock rearing is directly dependent on fodder availability but due to harsh agro-climatic conditions there is severe fodder scarcity. Lasiurus sindicus, perennial grass grown in hot and warm grassland climate thrives well under moisture stress on sandy plains, low dunes and hummocks of this region, receiving annual rainfall below 200 mm. For decades, these grasslands in turn supported an ever increasing livestock population in the Indian desert. Establishment of this grass is hampered by low seed availability because of its poor seed yield due to poor seed set. While sufficient literature is available on forage productivity of Sewan grass, however, information on seed set and seed yield production is lacking

Photosynthesis and Biomass Studies in \u3cem\u3eLasiurus sindicus\u3c/em\u3e of Chandan Grassland in Thar Desert

Grasslands comprise about one third of the world’s area of natural vegetation (Adams et al., 1990). Uncertainties prevail in the arid ecosystem with reference to carbon balance and fluxes which are primarily attributed to the sensitivity of grasslands to variation in annual precipitation, temperature and other regulating mechanisms of eco-physiological processes (Flanagan et al., 2002). It is therefore necessary to study radiation and water use efficiency of Lasiurus sindicus which is a predominant grass species in Chandan grassland of Thar desert to understand and evaluate its growth in relation to variation in climate. Also, it is pertinent to resolve whether grassland ecosystem function as a source or sink to atmospheric CO2. We therefore, measured diurnal variability of net photosynthesis, diurnal trend in light and water use efficiency and root and shoot biomass studies (10 days interval) of L. sindicus (Sewan) grass species in relation to ambient micrometeorological conditions during growth period along three points viz., initial, peak and declining phenophase to have basic understanding of eco-physiological responses to prevailing micrometeorology to evaluate its carbon use efficiency

Successful UM music graduates to entertain at Alumni Night June 8

Background: Fecal transplants are successful in the treatment of recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infections (CDI), but there is no consensus on the best method of instillation. Studies have shown greater success with lower gastrointestinal tract placement, but technical aspects of placement are not validated. Purpose: This review aims to identify common traits and procedural techniques of successful fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) therapy via colonoscopy. Methods: An electronic search was conducted using OVID Medline and PubMed for articles published from January 2010 to January 2016. The primary outcome of interest was cure by FMT placed via colonoscopy. Results: Of the 337 articles reviewed, we included 24 studies, from which 11 case reports were excluded from data analysis. The resultant data included 366 patients (64% female). Point estimate for cure of CDI after FMT for patients over 65 years of age (9%) was 84.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.96; P \u3c 0.016), cure over the age of 18 with no upper limit specified on age (74%) was 85.4% (95% CI: 0.76–0.91; P \u3c 0.001) and, for those identified strictly as 18–65 years old (17%), cure was 93% (95% CI: 0.83–0.98; P \u3c 0.001). Patients who stopped antibiotics at least 48 hours prior to FMT (37%) had a cure rate of 86% (95% CI: 0.78–0.91; P \u3c 0.001) compared to 95% (95% CI: 0.90–0.98; P \u3c 0.001) in patients who stopped antibiotics at least 24 hours prior to FMT (43%) and 81% (95% CI: 0.53–0.94; P \u3c 0.035) in those who stopped less than 24 hours prior to FMT (15%). In studies that specified use of GoLYTELY® prep prior to colonoscopy (58%), cure was 91% (95% CI: 0.85–0.95; P \u3c 0.001); whereas those using a split 2-L polyethylene glycol prep (21%) had 79% cure (95% CI: 0.61–0.90; P \u3c 0.004). Placement of FMT throughout the colon (6.8%) had 96% cure (95% CI: 0.77–0.99; P \u3c 0.002) versus terminal ileum to cecum placement (59%) at 88% cure (95% CI: 0.78–0.94; P \u3c 0.001) and cecum to ascending colon (28%) at 86% cure (95% CI: 0.63–0.95; P \u3c 0.006). Studies that specified the use of loperamide after FMT (21%) had a cure of 85% (95% CI: 0.63–0.95; P \u3c 0.004). Conclusion: FMT placed by colonoscopy has a role in the cure of recurrent or refractory CDI. Stopping antibiotics 24 hours prior to FMT results in higher percentage cure (95%). Distribution of FMT throughout the colon has better outcomes than FMT instillation at other locations. Effect of loperamide post-FMT placement is not conclusive due to the low percentage of reported use. Prospective studies are recommended to study these factors for confirmation of effects

Gaussian curvature of spherical shells: A geometric measure of complexity

In this paper we consider a semitetrad covariant decomposition of spherically symmetric spacetimes and find a governing hyperbolic equation of the Gaussian curvature of two dimensional spherical shells, that emerges due to the decomposition. The restoration factor of this hyperbolic travelling wave equation allows us to construct a geometric measure of complexity. This measure depends critically on the Gaussian curvature, and we demonstrate this geometric connection to complexity for the first time. We illustrate the utility of this measure by classifying well known spherically symmetric metrics with different matter distributions. We also define an order structure on the set of all spherically symmetric spacetimes, according to their complexity and physical properties.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, Revtex

Existence domains of dust-acoustic solitons and supersolitons

Using the Sagdeev potential method, the existence of large amplitude dust-acoustic solitons and supersolitons is investigated in a plasma comprising cold negative dust, adiabatic positive dust, Boltzmann electrons, and non-thermal ions. This model supports the existence of positive potential supersolitons in a certain region in parameter space in addition to regular solitons having negative and positive potentials. The lower Mach number limit for supersolitons coincides with the occurrence of double layers whereas the upper limit is imposed by the constraint that the adiabatic positive dust number density must remain real valued. The upper Mach number limits for negative potential (positive potential) solitons coincide with limiting values of the negative (positive) potential for which the negative (positive) dust number density is real valued. Alternatively, the existence of positive potential solitons can terminate when positive potential double layers occur.Using the Sagdeev potential method, the existence of large amplitude dust-acoustic solitons and supersolitons is investigated in a plasma comprising cold negative dust, adiabatic positive dust, Boltzmann electrons, and non-thermal ions. This model supports the existence of positive potential supersolitons in a certain region in parameter space in addition to regular solitons having negative and positive potentials. The lower Mach number limit for supersolitons coincides with the occurrence of double layers whereas the upper limit is imposed by the constraint that the adiabatic positive dust number density must remain real valued. The upper Mach number limits for negative potential (positive potential) solitons coincide with limiting values of the negative (positive) potential for which the negative (positive) dust number density is real valued. Alternatively, the existence of positive potential solitons can terminate when positive potential double layers occur.IS